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The purpose of this paper is to study and compare the underpricing and long-term performance of Initial Public Offerings of companies backed by Private Equity-firms to Initial Public Offerings of companies not backed by Private Equity-firms on the Nordic stock exchanges between 2007-2018. The sample consists of 92 companies that have went public on any of the Nordic stock exchanges between 2007-
Abstract Purpose: A new phenomenon has emerged in the world of branding which has not yet been researched in an academic setting. Brands that look the same, feel the same, offer similar business models towards consumers but still somehow feel modern and unique at a first glance. The purpose of this exploratory paper is to define and analyze the phenomenon of blands. Methodology: A literature rev
Climate change impacts global agricultural systems through changes in average temperature, precipitation quantity and timing, and extreme weather events. Climate change adaptation (CCA) for agricultural systems will be based on changes to farms’ day-to-day operations and long-range planning, governmental policies and regulations, and broad changes in supply chains. The purpose of this thesis is to
The precarious state of affairs in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, particularly in Mato Grosso, where unsustainable cattle ranching is driving the deforestation. Brazil needs to invest in sustainable development of its cattle production. Integrated Livestock Systems is a technology which serves this purpose, but is poorly integrated into Brazil’s Agricultural Innovation system. The literature rev
Idag är kommunikation, marknadsföring och transaktion av produkter nyckelfunktioner för produktförpackningar. Kvaliteten på det grafiska förpackningstrycket är därför av stor betydelse och måste vara konsekvent för stora produktionskvantiteter. En av de vanligaste tryckteknikerna för tryck på papper eller kartong är flexografiskt tryck. Med denna teknik appliceras färger en efter en och genom deraToday communication, promotion and transaction of products are key functions of product packaging. The quality of the package print is therefore of great importance and needs to be consistent for large production quantities. One of the most common technologies for printing on paper or cardboard is flexographic printing. With this technology colors are applied one by one and through their combinati
Sverige har högt ställda målsättningar kring förnybar elproduktion idag. För att nå dessa har bland annat Energimyndigheten kommit fram till att vindkraftens andel av elproduktionen måste öka betydligt jämfört med dagens nivåer. För att uppnå detta behöver vindkraft byggas ut både på land och till havs. Den havsbaserade vindkraftsutbyggnaden i Sverige är idag mycket liten. Detta beror på en rad olThe Swedish government has high ambitions regarding energy and climate. To reach these goals, the Swedish Energy Agency has concluded that the share of electricity from wind power must increase significantly. This requires an expansion of wind power both on and offshore. There is a limited amount of offshore wind power in Sweden today. The reason for this involves multiple factors, conflicts of i
This project targeted automating production steps where stud bolts are welded on a heat exchanger within allowed perpendicularity and position requirements. Until now, this has been a manual process where an operator uses steel templates to position the bolts in the right place and manual welding guns to weld the bolts. The scope of this project is to create a digital model of a robot cell to calc
The use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to design controllers for safety critical systems is an important research area. On the one hand, RL can function in and adapt to complex and changing environments without requiring a model of the system. On the other hand, in such systems robustness is of high importance, as well as ways to guarantee and certify a level of robustness. This project investigat
I svensk rätt gäller principen om fri bevisprövning. Principen innebär att domstolen fritt ska värdera den bevisning som presenteras under en rättegång. Det saknas i princip lagstadgade regler för hur bevisvärderingen ska utföras. I rättspraxis och lagförarbeten har dock vissa bevisvärderingsprinciper utvecklats. Dessa principer föreskriver bland annat att domstolen ska utföra bevisvärderingen ratIn Swedish law, the principle of free sifting of evidence applies. The principle means that the court freely should evaluate the evidence that is presented during a trial. In principle, there are no statutory rules that governs how the evaluation of evidence is to be carried out. However, in case law and in the legislative history some principles of evidence evaluation have emerged. These principl
Introduction: Knowing the viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded solvents is important in extraction and chromatography processes due to its effect on mass transfer. Background: Rather few studies on viscosity of carbon dioxide expanded ethanol at different pressures, temperatures, and molar ratios exist. Aim(s): Building a system and validating a method to determine the viscosity of supercritic
This thesis presents the verification and validation testing performed on the evacuation simulation platform WUI-NITY which has the aim of being a simulation tool for the integration of different layers, such as pedestrian, traffic and wildfire with evolving dynamic interactions. The present thesis aims at applying a set of verification tests and validation testing suitable for WUI-NITY with a foc
Digital twins are a very essential tool widely used by manufacturing companies nowadays. The scope of this project is to build a digital model of a real production flow present in SWEP’s factory in Landskrona. The chosen software to accomplish the project is Tecnomatix Plant Simulation. Each module is constructed with real cycle times, OEE figures, velocities, and changeover times corresponding to
Fallow, understood as a period where no crop is cultivated during a growing season, is an important crop management practice. Fallow plays an important role in pest and disease management, and monitoring the presence and duration of fallow can have implications for understanding the extent and effectiveness of this agricultural practice. Therefore, fallow period mapping using remotely sensed data
Dagens samhälle kräver mycket energi för att fungera. Solljus är en fantastisk förnyelsebar energikälla och med solceller går det att ta till vara på denna energin och använda den i form av elektricitet. När solljus träffar en solcell absorberas dess energi i materialet, detta genererar laddningsbärare som är positiva (hål) och negativa (elektroner) som kan driva en ström. Eftersom de olika laddniSolar cells are a potent and renewable alternative to generate electricity. Through absorption of energetic photons electrons are excited generating electron-hole pairs or charge carriers and through separation of these charge carriers a current can flow through the device. In this project Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) is tested as a hole selective contact in n-i-p Indium phosphide (InP) nanowire solar
In the hectic and stressful climate of our more or less urbanized lives, it can be easy to neglect our surroundings and forget about our origins. The experiences and knowledge that is obtained from nature is a thing of absence in more and more people’s lives. Främja is a project about helping children to reconnect with nature and be present outdoors, through their personal gear. For children espe
