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The lack of a standardized database of eddy covariance observations has been an obstacle for data-driven estimation of terrestrial CO2 fluxes in Asia. In this study, we developed such a standardized database using 54 sites from various databases by applying consistent postprocessing for data-driven estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Data-driven est

Long-lived coherences have been observed in various biological complexes and their origin is debated. We used polarization-controlled 2D electronic spectroscopy to reveal a photophysical process of coherence shift, explaining coherences in bacterial reaction centers.

Time-resolved XPS is used to monitor charge carrier dynamics in bare and dyesensitized ZnO nanoparticle films upon sub-bandgap excitation. Results are discussed in the context of impurity-related bandgap states and electron transfer from the chromophore.

The line shape of an absorption line from molecular oxygen enclosed in the pores of a ceramic material has been studied at different temperatures. By evaluating the line width it is feasible to extract temperature information of the gas inside porous scattering materials.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by hippocampal atrophy. Other factors also influence the hippocampal volume, but their interactive effect has not been investigated before in cognitively healthy individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interactive effect of key demographic and clinical factors on hippocampal volume, in contrast to previous studies frequently investigating these fa

Partially premixed combustion using gasoline-like fuels on compression ignition engines shows great potentials to break the soot-nitrogen oxides trade off and reduce both emissions simultaneously. By simply adjusting the dilution strategies and injection events, the control of partially premixed combustion is relatively easier compared to other low-temperature combustion concepts. However despite

The impact of climate variability on water demand and availability in drylands is substantial. Establishing methods to analyse precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration data sets may generate useful tools that assist in drought recognition and regional variations therein. The authors developed an index that simultaneous integrates both these variables in climate variability analysis. This study pro

The orchid family is the largest in the angiosperms, but little is known about the molecular basis of the significant variation they exhibit. We investigate here the transcriptomic divergence between two European terrestrial orchids, Dactylorhiza incarnata and Dactylorhiza fuchsii, and integrate these results in the context of their distinct ecologies that we also document. Clear signals of lineag

Gallium nitride based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are presently fundamentally transforming the lighting industry, but limitations in the materials and fabrication methods of LEDs introduce substantial challenges to their future development. Among the remaining key bottlenecks of GaN LEDs are the resistive losses and current crowding that strongly increase the heat generation at high powers. In th

The relationship between land-use and floristic diversity in the landscape, for the last millennia, is analysed from two small lakes in southern Sweden. Pollen analysis and the Local Vegetation Estimates (LOVE) model are used to quantify land-cover at local scales with 100-year time windows. Floristic richness is estimated using palynological richness, and we introduce LOVE-based evenness as a pro

Six Cr-spinel grains from NWA 6077 brachinite-like and NWA 725 winonaite achondrites have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and structural refinement. From a chemical point of view, spinels from NWA 6077 show Cr/(Cr + Al) (i.e., Cr#) and Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) (i.e., Mg#) values similar to other brachinites, while the Cr# of NWA 725 is lower than that of literature winonaites. Spinels from

The sedimentation of an ideal suspension in a vessel with variable cross-sectional area can be described by an initial-boundary value problem for a scalar nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law with a nonconvex flux function and a weight function that depends on spatial position. The sought unknown is the local solids' volume fraction. For the most important cases of vessels with downward-decreasin

The millimeter-wave phased array in the user equipment (UE) for 5G communication is studied in this letter. In particular, the body effect on the phased array in the UE at 15 GHz is investigated with the 3-D measurement data, and its impact on some key parameters for phased array in the UE, such as the total scan pattern, the coverage efficiency, and the probability of detection, are analyzed.

The interpretation of whether a dated metamorphic zircon generation grew during the prograde, peak or retrograde stage of a metamorphic cycle is critical to geological interpretation. This study documents a case at Herrestad, in the eastern part of the 1±0 Ga Sveconorwegian Province, involving progressive metamorphic recrystallization of gabbro to garnet amphibolite and associated behaviour of Zr-

The intestinal immune system has the daunting task of protecting us from pathogenic insults while limiting inflammatory responses against the resident commensal microbiota and providing tolerance to food antigens. This role is particularly impressive when one considers the vast mucosal surface and changing landscape that the intestinal immune system must monitor. In this review, we highlight regio

To increase the productivity in biopharmaceutical production, a natural step is to introduce integrated continuous biomanufacturing which leads to fewer buffer and storage tanks, smaller sizes of integrated unit operations, and full automation of the operation. The main contribution of this work is to illustrate a methodology for design and control of a downstream process based on integrated colum

Different ways of viewing human-nature interactions affect the ways in which these are conceptualized and operationalized with regards to cultural ecosystem services (CES). To clarify if some conceptualizations provide more appropriate descriptions of benefits, these need to be discussed in relation to the lived experience. This paper addresses some aspects of the controversy around the use of the

Severe unrestrained behaviors during armed conflicts, such as the massacre in My Lai or abusive transgressions such as the torture-like behaviors occurring in Abu-Ghraib prison, often lead to increased difficulties to decrease hostilities or to gain a peaceful ending to a military conflict. Therefore, it is of highest relevance to understand which individual, situational and organizational factors