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Visual sensitivity in the crepuscular owl butterfly Caligo memnon and the diurnal blue morpho Morpho peleides: a clue to explain the evolution of nocturnal apposition eyes?

Insects active in dim light, such as moths and many beetles, normally have superposition compound eyes to increase photon capture. But there are nocturnal and crepuscular insects - such as some species of bees, wasps and butterflies - that have apposition compound eyes. These are likely to have adaptations - including large eye and facet size and coarsened spatial and temporal resolution - that im

Type 1 diabetes risk analysis on dried blood spot samples from population-based newborns: design and feasibility of an unselected case-control study

Development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) may be triggered pre- or perinatally by multiple factors. Identifying new predisposing T1D markers or combinations of markers in a large, well-characterised case-control collection may be important for future T1D prevention. The present work describes the design and feasibility of a large and unselected case-control study, which will define and evaluat

Enhanced concentration of COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) in osteochondral fractures from racing Thoroughbreds

The aim of the present study was to correlate the levels of COMP and aggrecan as indicators of tissue damage, in synovial fluid (sf) from carpal joints of acutely lame racehorses, with macroscopical lesions of articular cartilage (OA). osteochondral fractures and ligament tears found at arthroscopy. Sixty-three lame horses [49 Standardbred trotters (STB) and 14 Thoroughbreds (TB)] in conventional

Inhibition of cerebrospinal fluid formation by omeprazole

Omeprazole, a specific inhibitor of H(+)-K(+)-activated ATPase, gave a dose-dependent inhibition of CSF production as determined by cerebroventriculocisternal perfusions in the rabbit. The reduction was 35% when the perfusate concentration of omeprazole was 10(-6) M and 25% after an intravenous dose of 0.2 mg/kg of omeprazole, respectively. A similarly substituted benzimidazol (H178/42) without H(

Rewritable Reference Attributed Grammars

This paper presents an object-oriented technique for rewriting abstract syntax trees in order to simplify compilation. The technique, Rewritable Reference Attributed Grammars (ReRAGs), is completely declarative and supports both rewrites and computations by means of attributes. We have implemented ReRAGs in our aspect-oriented compiler compiler tool JastAdd II. Our largest application is a complet

Total Parenteral Nutrition Causes Circumferential Intestinal Atrophy, Remodeling of the Intestinal Wall, and Redistribution of Eosinophils in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is held to cause intestinal atrophy and weaken mechanical and immunological barriers. To monitor the degree of atrophy caused by TPN, female Sprague-Dawley rats were, for 8 days, maintained on TPN (n = 6) and compared to identically housed controls given food and water ad libitum (n = 6). Specimens from jejunum, ileum, and colon were taken for histology and morphom

Calculation of EPR g tensors for transition-metal complexes based on multiconfigurational perturbation theory (CASPT2)

The computation of the electronic g tensor by two multireference methods is presented and applied to a selection of molecules including CN, BO, AIO, GaO, InO, ZnH, ZnF, O-2, H2O+, O-3(-), and H2CO+ (group A) as well as TiF3, CuCl42-, Cu(NH3)(4)(2+) and a series of d(1)-MOX4n- compounds, with M = V Cr, Mo, Tc, W, Re and X = F Cl, Br (group B). Two approaches are considered, namely, one in which spi

Heart rate variability and intima media thickness

Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system is part of the physiological stress response and is expressed in the heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of this study was to examine associations of HRV and intima media thickness (IMT). In 2002, satisfactory measurements of HRV of 78 voluntary participants were made, both during a stress test and during sleep. IMT in 2002 and the progr

Copper Tolerance of Microfungi Isolated from Polluted and Unpolluted Forest Soil

Microfungi were isolated from unpolluted and copper polluted forest soils and their tolerance was tested on agar plates. Species from polluted sites were usually tolerant to Cu. The species were Paecilomyces farinosus, Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium spp. and Penicillium pactum. Sensitive species were found among Mortierella, Oidiodendron and Penicillium. usually rare in polluted sites. Little ev

Identification of a Candida sp reductase behind bicyclic exo-alcohol production

Stereoselective baker's yeast-catalysed bioreduction of bicyclo [2.2.2]octane-2.6-dione generates (1R, 4S, 6S)-6-hydroxy-bicyclo [2.2.2]octane-2-one (endo-alcohol) with high enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess. In contrast, whole cells and crude membrane fractions of Candida sp. have been reported to produce the unusual (I R, 4S, 6S)-diastereomer (exo-alcohol) as a major product. Previous in si

Women's experiences of hassles and uplifts in their everyday patterns of occupations

The aim of this study was to investigate experiences of hassles and uplifts among women. One hundred working mothers were interviewed using the Target Complaints instrument. Content analysis, resulting in both qualitative categories and quantitative variables, was used. Working mothers' hassles were mainly generated by their social, temporal and doing contexts and illustrate the importance of cons

Should donors be allowed to give broad consent to future biobank research?

Large international biobank studies can make substantial contributions to scientific research by validation of the biological importance of previous research and by identification of previously unknown causes of disease. However, regulations for patient consent that are too strict and discrepancies in national policies on informed consent might hinder progress. Therefore, establishment of common g

Associations between AQT processing speed and neuropsychological tests in neuropsychiatric patients

Associations between A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) perceptual and cognitive speed and neuropsychological tests, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Trail Making Test (TMT), were evaluated in 41 neuropsychiatric patients. Neuropsychological and neurological tests, including CT scan, were administered to all

Muscle blood flow in cats: comparison of microdialysis ethanol technique with direct measurement

A quantitative validation of the microdialysis ethanol technique was performed in cat gastrocnemius muscle. Six to eight microdialysis probes were inserted into the isolated muscle preparation and perfused (0.5-10.0 microliters/min) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing between 5 and 1,000 mmol/l ethanol. Skeletal muscle blood flow was held constant in the range of 4-99 ml.100 g-1.min-1 by a serv

Thirty years of measured prestress at Swedish nuclear reactor containments

The main function of the reactor containment, i.e. to ensure tightness at a major internal accident, depends directly on the prestressing system. To secure that the prestress level is sufficient, the tendon force has been measured during the whole time of operation. The general results from these measurements show that the loss of prestress 30 years after tensioning is between 5 and 10%. This is m

The family as the health producer--when spouses act strategically.

The Grossman model has been extended recently in order to take account of the fact that most people lead their lives in a family--using frameworks in which family members, respectively, (a) have common preferences and (b) are Nash-bargainers. These models, however, do not consider individual incentives for behaving strategically. In the model presented in this paper, spouses interact strategically