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Vildagliptin: an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with antidiabetic properties.

Vilclagliptin is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors act mainly by preventing the rapid degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1. In clinical trials, vildagliptin improves glycaemic control both as monotherapy and in combination with metformin for periods of :! 52 weeks in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. This is evident by reduced fastin

Results of risk-adapted therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia. A long-term population-based follow-up study

In 1997-2003, a protocol for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (except promyelocytic leukaemia) was activated in four Swedish health care regions covering 50% of the national population. Based on cytogenetics and clinical findings, patients aged 18-60 yr were assigned to one of three risk groups. In this report we account for the long-term clinical outcome of enrolled patients. Patients r

Li-7 NMR measurements of polymer gel electrolytes

Ion conducting polymer gels prepared from (ethylene oxide)(n) grafted methacrylates, ethylene carbonate (EC), gamma butyrolactone (gBL), and lithium hexafluorophosphate are studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, This study shows that there are at least two possible lithium sites with different mobility. The lithium-ions with lower mobility dominate at room temperature, but th

Effect of Salts on the Micellization and Gelation of a Triblock Copolymer Studied by Rheology and Light Scattering

The phase behavior and aggregation properties of a triblock copolymer of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), with a measured composition (EO)29(PO)40(EO)29, in aqueous solutions containing salt, have been examined using dynamic light scattering, rheological techniques, and sedimentation and viscosity measurements. The copolymer is dissolved as a unimer at low temperatures and forms spher

Multivariate tests for autocorrelation in the stable and unstable VAR models

This study investigates the size and power properties of three multivariate tests for autocorrelation, namely portmanteau test, Lagrange multiplier (LM) test and Rao F-test, in the stable and unstable vector autoregressive (VAR) models, with and without autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) using Monte Carlo experiments. Many combinations of parameters are used in the simulations to

Three years of Galileo dust data. II. 1993-1995

Between January 1993 - December 1995, the Galileo spacecraft traversed the interplanetary space between Earth and Jupiter and arrived at Jupiter on 7 December 1995. The dust instrument onboard the spacecraft was operating during most of the time and data from the instrument were obtained via memory readouts which occurred at rates between twice per day and once per week. All events were classified

Affinity purification and elimination of methionine oxidation in recombinant human cystatin C

Recombinant human cystatin C (cC), a cysteine protease inhibitor, contained methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] residues when expressed in Escherichia coli under aerobic conditions or upon allowing osmotic shock solutions from anaerobically grown cultures to warm to room temperature. Oxidation occurred in the periplasmic space or intracellularly during aerobic expression. Both Met14 and Met41 were subje

Free volume determination of azobenzene-PMMA copolymer by a pulsed low-energy positron lifetime beam with in-situ UV illumination

The free volume properties of a poly(methyl methacrylate)-azobenzene copolymer were for the first time directly probed by use of a low-energy positron lifetime beam with in-situ excitation capabilities, showing that the free volume cavity size was not appreciably influenced by photoisomerization and thermal isomerization in the temperature range 34-180 degreesC. lsomerization is therefore suggeste

High tumor tissue concentration of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with good prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer

volved in tumor growth and metastasis. We assayed the components of the uPA system in homogenates of 64 primary epithelial ovarian tumors and 5 metastases and evaluated the association of these parameters to prognosis in the 51 malignant cases. The levels of uPA, PAI-2 and the uPA: PAI-I complex increased with progressive loss of histological differentiation (P-trend

Increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity and physical inactivity: two population-based studies 1986 and 1994.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the 1986-1994 trend in obesity, overweight and sedentary leisure-time physical activity status, and the educational gradient in overweight and obesity in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Material/Methods: The public health surveys in Malmö 1986 and 1994 are cross-sectional studies. A total of 4,800 and 5,600 individuals aged 20–80 years were randoml

ACCURATE PREDICTION OF PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURAL CLASS WITH FUZZY STRUCTURAL VECTORS

The prerequisites for accurate prediction of protein secondary structural class (all-alpha, all-beta, alpha+beta, alpha/beta or multidomain) were studied, and a new similarity-based method is presented for the prediction of the secondary structural class of a protein from its sequence. The new method uses representatives of nuclear families as a learning set. For the sequence to be predicted, the

Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming

The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is particularly sensitive to climatic changes in autumn and spring(1-4), with spring and autumn temperatures over northern latitudes having risen by about 1.1 degrees C and 0.8 degrees C, respectively, over the past two decades(5). A simultaneous greening trend has also been observed, characterized by a longer growing season and greater photosynthetic a

On the potential of human sinus cavity diagnostics using diode laser gas spectroscopy

A method for studying human sinus cavities and inflammation status is described. Diode laser spectroscopy of molecular oxygen gas in the cavity is performed at 760 nm through the strongly scattering facial tissue in a backscattering geometry. Model experiments on tissue-like scattering plastics were made to elucidate the possible penetration depths and the expected signal levels. Measurements on t

Fibromodulin binds collagen type I via Glu-353 and Lys-355 in leucine-rich repeat 11

Fibromodulin belongs to the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan family, interacts with collagen type I, and controls collagen fibrillogenesis and assembly. Here, we show that a major fibromodulin-binding site for collagen type I is located in leucine-rich repeat 11 in the C terminus of the leucine-rich repeat domain. We identified Glu-353 and Lys-355 in repeat 11 as essential for binding, and t

Shape determination of microcalcifications in simulated digital mammography images with varying pixel size

The purpose of this work was to study how the pixel size of digital detectors can affect shape determination of microcalcifications in mammography. Screen-film mammograms containing microcalcifications clinically proven to be indicative of malignancy were digitised at 100 lines/mm using a high-resolution Tango drum scanner. Forty microcalcifications were selected to cover an appropriate range of s

Structure and bonding of Cu(II)-glutamate complexes at the gamma-Al2O3-water interface

The composition and mode of attachment of Cu(II) complexes at the gamma-Al2O3-water interface in suspensions containing a simple amino acid (glutamate) were characterized with EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopies. The spectroscopic results indicate that two types of Cu(II)-glutamate-alumina interactions are primarily responsible for Cu(II) and glutamate uptake between pH 4 and 9. In acidic suspensions of

Calibration and measurement uncertainties of a continuous-flow cloud condensation nuclei counter (DMT-CCNC): CCN activation of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride aerosol particles in theory and experiment

Experimental and theoretical uncertainties in the measurement of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) with a continuous-flow thermal-gradient CCN counter from Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT-CCNC) have been assessed by model calculations and calibration experiments with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride aerosol particles in the diameter range of 20–220 nm. Experiments have been performed in th