We experimentally explore the role of collective incentives in sustaining cooperation in finitely repeated public goods games with imperfect monitoring. In our experiment players only observe noisy signals about individual contributions, while total output is perfectly observed. We consider sanctioning mechanisms that allow agents to commit to collective punishment in case total output fall short

Although Singapore, a linguistically and ethnically diverse city–state, uses four official languages, namely Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, and English, which are supposed to enjoy equal status, there appears to be a pecking order to these languages. English seems to be the dominant language when taking into consideration the bilingual education policy, numerous campaigns promoting its use in terms of sp

Rye kernel bread (RKB) evening meals improve glucose tolerance, enhance appetite regulation and increase satiety in healthy volunteers. These beneficial effects on metabolic responses have been shown to be associated with increased gut fermentation. The present study aimed to elucidate if RKB evening meals may cause rapid alterations in microbiota composition that might be linked to metabolic-, im

Pedagogik är en av de klassiska vetenskapliga disciplinerna och har som universitetsämne en hundraårig tradition. I takt med att samhället förändras har även det innehåll som sysselsätter pedagogiken ändrats. Var befinner sig det vetenskapliga ämnet pedagogik i dag? Hur ser den historiska bakgrunden till ämnets framväxt ut? Vilka är de fundament som håller samman pedagogikämnet? Vilka framtida utm

Quantitative imaging, where every pixel of an image represents a physical quantity (e.g. timeor velocity) is being increasingly used in the field of diagnostic radiology and has potential toenhance medical diagnosis. Quantitative methods for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)enables measurements of velocity and flow using a technique called Phase Contrast MagneticResonance (PC-MR), and different tim

If not accounted for, temperature effects on the water content and electrical conductivity measured with time domain reflectometry (TDR) will introduce significant errors. In this study, an automated TDR system was used to quantify the temperature dependence of the apparent dielectric constant and electrical conductivity in wet soils. Sandy, clayey, and organic soils were used to examine the effec

Co-creation (or co-production, Voorberg et al., 2015) of public services together with individual service users is based on the assumption that the individual can define her or his own value to be co-created. However, in the case of children, this can be put into doubt, as children do not have the same cognitive perspectives and abilities as adults, and a weaker voice as agents. This results in thCo-creation (or co-production, Voorberg et al., 2015) of public services together with individual service users is based on the assumption that the individual can define her or his own value to be co-created. However, in the case of children, this can be put into doubt, as children do not have the same cognitive perspectives and abilities as adults, and a weaker voice as agents. This results in th

Large volumes of wastewater with dissolved wood components are treated in wastewater treatment plants at thermomechanical pulp mills. It has been shown previously that hemicelluloses in these wastewater streams can be recovered by membrane filtration. A serious obstacle when treating lignocellulose process streams is fouling of the membranes. Fouling not only increases operating costs but also red

Modelling solute transport in the unsaturated zone is a complex problem given the inherent soil heterogeneity. Using time domain reflectometry (TDR) as described in this paper can improve data quality to be used in predictive models. The TDR technique requires appropriate calibration if it is to be used for solute concentration measurements under constant and varying water content. Two ways of det

During recent years, time domain reflectometry (TDR) has proved to be a valuable tool for both water content (theta) and bulk electrical conductivity (sigma (a)) measurements. To allow resident solute concentration (C-r) measurements, a calibration procedure is necessary for the relationship between sigma (a) and C-r. Two main calibration approaches exist. Direct calibration allows for C-r measure

Family caregivers are believed to be the primary source of support for HIV-affected children. There is limited evidence about practices of support for caregivers, to strengthen them and to enhance the welfare of HIV positive children, especially in African settings. Our aim was therefore to illuminate caregivers’ lived experiences of caring for a child in Ethiopia 2 years after the child was enrol

We present experimental data from vertical InAs/InGaAsSb/GaSb nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors with channel diameter scaled down to 10 nm and ability to reach a point subthreshold swing of 35 mV/decade at VDS = 0.05 V. Furthermore, the impact of drain, channel and source diameter scaling on the subthreshold swing and currents are studied. Impact of gate-overlap is more evident