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MRI-based biophysical models are typically validated by comparison to ex-vivo histology of fixed tissue. The fixation process itself and the accompanied autolysis processes strongly modify tissue composition, and lead to MR signal changes, making the validation of biophysical models for in vivo MRI particularly challenging. To better understand the temporal evolution of the fixation process within

3D multi-gradient echo MRI can be used to estimate T1, T2*, PD and the magnetization transfer (MT), which is increasingly used for multi-parametricmapping (MPM) of human brain. The increased polarization at 7T compared to lower B0 allows for increased spatial resolution or reduced scantimes. However, SAR restrictions imposed on the MT pulse and B1 inhomogeneity pose challenges. In this work, we pr

DREAM is an ultra-fast multi-slice B1+-mapping technique based on the single-shot STEAM sequence. To study noise and bias related to slice-profiles, DREAM B1+-maps at 3.75 mm resolution were acquired at 7T in phantoms and in human brain with nominal flip angles (FA) between 20° and 90° of the two STEAM preparation pulses. B1+ was decreasing at actual FAs above 50°; noise became apparent at actual

The ability to determine the myelin water fraction (MWF) in vivo is essential to assessments of neurodevelopmental myelination and myelin damage in neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of multi-exponential T2 decay data relies on the non-negative-least-squares (NNLS) fitting, which may be sensitive to the chosen fitting parameters. We performed simulations to explore the outcomes of NNLS under

Wind is a complex phenomenon and a critical fac-tor in assessing climatic conditions and pedestrian comfortwithin cities. To obtain spatial information on near-groundwind speed, 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model-ling is often used. This is a computationally intensive methodwhich requires extensive computer resources and is time con-suming. By using a simpler 2D method, larger areas can b

We used satellite remote sensing data; fractionof photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation(fPAR) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS) in combination with tower eddy covari-ance and meteorological measurements to characterise theLight Use Efficiency parameter (ε)variability and the maxi-mumε(εmax)for two contrasting Canadian peatlands. Eight-day MODISfPA

I språkutbildning vid svenska lärosäten finns det vanligtvis ett antal studenter i varje grupp som har det studerade språket som modersmål (L1), även om majoriteten utgörs av studerande som läser språket som främmande språk (L2). I vår studie undersöker vi erfarenheter av att undervisa denna typ av grupp genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex universitetslärare i franska, spanska och tyska. Un

Intravesical inoculation of gram negative bacteria or isolated bacterial products into mice induces an IL-6 response which can be measured within miutes of the infection.1,2 In such infections, IL-6 is initially detected in the urine and subsequently in the serum. Similar IL-6 responses were found in human patients deliberately colonized in the urinary tract with E. coli Hu7343. IL-6 was secreted

T-helper 2 (Th2) cell responses defend against parasites. Although dendritic cells (DCs) are vital for the induction of T-cell responses, the DC subpopulations that induce Th2 cells in the intestine are unidentified. Here we show that intestinal Th2 responses against Trichuris muris worms and Schistosoma mansoni eggs do not develop in mice with IRF-4-deficient DCs (IRF-4f/f CD11c-cre). Adoptive tr

Lymphocytes are the key cells of the adaptive immune system that provide antigen-specific responses tailored to the context of antigen exposure. Through cytokine release and antibody production, lymphocytes orchestrate and amplify the recruitment and function of other immune cells and contribute to host defense against invading pathogens and the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Lymphocy

Background: A slight increase in revisions for infected joint arthroplasties has been observed in the Nordic countries since 2000 for which the reasons are unclear. However, in 2007 a Swedish study of the timing for prophylactic antibiotics in a random sample of knee arthroplasties found that only 57% of the patients had received the antibiotic during the optimal time interval 45-15 minutes before

In Responsibility From the Margins, David Shoemaker distinguishes three forms of responsibility: attributability, answerability, and accountability. The introduction of various normative competence requirements lends precision to the contrasts that Shoemaker draws between these forms of responsibility. I argue, however, that these competence requirements are less well motivated than Shoemaker supp

The strongest constraint on Vtb presently comes from the 3 × 3 unitarity of the CKM matrix, which fixes Vtb to be very close to one. If unitarity is relaxed, current information from top production at Tevatron still leaves open the possibility that Vtb is sizably smaller than one. In minimal extensions of the standard model with extra heavy quarks, the unitarity constraints are much weaker, and th

We present the latest developments of the MadGraph/MadEvent Monte Carlo event generator and several applications to hadron collider physics. In the current version events at the parton, hadron and detector level can be generated directly from a web interface, for arbitrary processes in the Standard Model and in several physics scenarios beyond it (HEFT, MSSM, 2HDM). The most important additions ar

The ALICE Collaboration has measured the energy dependence of exclusive photoproduction of J / ψ vector mesons off proton targets in ultra–peripheral p–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=5.02 TeV. The e + e - and μ + μ - decay channels are used to measure the cross section as a function of the rapidity of the J / ψ in the range - 2.5 < y< 2.7 , corresponding to an energy