Background Some evidence suggests that chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for lower-extremity peripheral artery disease. We aimed to quantify the independent and joint associations of two measures of chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and albuminuria) with the incidence of peripheral artery disease. Methods In this collaborative meta-analysis of international

Aim: To examine international time trends in the incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by primary renal disease (PRD). Methods: Renal registries reporting on patients starting RRT per million population for ESRD by PRD from 2005 to 2014, were identified by internet search and literature review. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) with a 95% confide

Nature suggests that complex materials result from a hierarchical organization of matter at different length scales. At the nano- and micrometer scale, macromolecules and supramolecular aggregates spontaneously assemble into supracolloidal structures whose complexity is given by the coexistence of various colloidal entities and the specific interactions between them. Here, we demonstrate how such

Background: Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is usually evaluated by radiographs of both hands and feet, while the inflammatory status mostly is evaluated by DAS28 which, however, does not include the feet. Objectives: To investigate the distribution of erosions in hands and feet in early RA over 8 years and its potential clinical implications. Furthermore, the group of patients neve

Background: Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) burden increases with increasing duration of AF/AFL history. Hypothesis: Outcomes with dronedarone may also be impacted by duration of AF/AFL history. Methods: In this post hoc analysis of ATHENA, efficacy and safety of dronedarone vs placebo were assessed in groups categorized by time from first known AF/AFL episode to randomization (ie, dur

All the organisms have developed defensive against different (parasites, harsh environmental conditions or contaminants) to which they should face in their environments. To deal with these selective factors, birds have developed defensive mechanisms such as the uropygial gland, which produces a secretion acting as a physico-chemical defensive barrier against a high diversity of ectoparasites and p

Background: To understand how the neuronal circuits in the brain process information there is a need for novelneuro-electronic interfaces that can interact chronically with brain tissue with minimal disturbance of thephysiological conditions in the tissue, in awake and freely moving animals. For this, there is a need for implantableneuro-electronic interfaces that are mechanically compliant with t

Building databases are important assets when estimating and planning for national energy savings fromenergy retrofitting. However, databases often lack information on building characteristics needed to determine the feasibility of specific energy conservation measures. In this paper, machine learning methods are used to enrich the Swedish database of Energy Performance Certificates with building c

Background: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations are common and frequently affecting young adults injured during sports. The Rockwood classification system is used to grade the dislocations according to the extent of injury to the soft tissues stabilizing the joint. Rockwood type 1 and 2 are not proper dislocations but partial ligamentous injuries without complete ACJ separation and regarded

Agricultural intensification is necessary in Tanzania to meet the demands of a rapid growing population, and to avoid dependence on agricultural imports. An overwhelming share of the Tanzanian population is young, and the issue of employment among youth is increasingly debated. Agriculture is perceived to play a key role in creating employment opportunities in Sub-Sahara African as urban employmen

Preventing factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors following replacement therapies with FVIII products in patients with hemophilia A remains an unmet medical need. Better understanding of the early events of evolving FVIII inhibitors is essential for risk identification and the design of novel strategies to prevent inhibitor development. The Hemophilia Inhibitor Previously Untreated Patients (PUPs) Study (

This article focuses on the question of the legal position of a citizen who feels she has been treated unfairly in parliament. Attention is paid to parliamentary immunity, the self-limitation this requires from members of parliament and the important role of the chair of parliamentary meetings.

Epigenetic modifications triggered by high glucose may predispose to diabetes risk by regulating gene expression activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that histone modification which is an essential component of epigenetic mechanism may play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. In this thesis, the overarching aim is to map histone modificatio

Wildfire risk indices can be used in order to be better prepared for wildfires. In Sweden, the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) is currently used to predict fire behaviour based on meteorological data such as wind velocity, temperature and rainfall. Additionally, the HBV model, used to calculate moisture content in soil layers, serves to predict the ignition risk in Sweden. There are however many

Larks constitute an avian family of exceptional cryptic diversity and striking examples of convergent evolution. Therefore, traditional morphology-based taxonomy has recurrently failed to reflect evolutionary relationships. While taxonomy ideally should integrate morphology, vocalizations, behaviour, ecology, and genetics, this can be challenging for groups that span several continents including a

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is largely considered an autoimmune disease leading to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Further, patients with T1D have 3–4-fold increased risk of developing micro- and macrovascular complications. However, the contribution of immune-related factors contributing to these diabetes complications are poorly understood. Individuals with long-term T1D who d

Background: Infectious complications in ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rates, predictors and outcome of severe infections in AAV. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Southern Sweden with 326 incident cases of AAV diagnosed between 1997 and 2016. Diagnosis of vasculitis was conf