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The connection between general government debt levels and centralization of general government expenditure is compared in 31 countries 1995-2019 and 35 countries 1972-2019, with four country groups in each of the datasets analyzed further. Connections between centralization and changes in debt levels are found to be mostly insignificant and results unstable to the inclusion of lagged changes in de
Ett steg närmare AI-segmentering av MR-bilder Artificiell intelligens (AI) har på kort tid möjliggjort omfattande automatisering av många områden inom medicinsk teknik. En förutsättning för de framsteg som gjorts är dock tillgång till stora mängder data, vilket försvårar utvecklingen av nya lösningar inom bland annat bildanalys. Bristen på data har lett till att alternativa tillvägagångssätt har Semantic segmentation of medical images is an important task with many applications. However, manually delineating 3D images is time-consuming and the demand for automation is high. For many image segmentation tasks, deep learning has provided state-of-the-art results. However, the varying nature of magnetic resonance (MR) images due to factors such as different machine vendors and clinical protoc
Thesis Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore if virtual influencers can be viewed as capable of developing parasocial relationships and opinion leadership. This will be researched through the virtual influencers source credibility, perceived by the Swedish audience of Instagram. This is based on previous research that has shown that the two concepts of parasocial relationships and opin
Digital technologies have brought new challenges to society, such as data privacy abuses, attacks on democracy, and even military-grade technologies being accessed by civilians. Europe has taken the leadership by regulating different aspects of the digital economy; however, these regulations may create distortions that will harm European businesses. This study tries to draw a picture of the differ
Gröna och förnybara energikällor har under åren sett ökad uppmärksamhet inom forskning och utveckling, där solceller har fått särskild uppmärksamhet. Solceller består av flera lager, eller komponenter, med olika funktioner och den här tesen fokuserar på material som bygger upp det aktiva lagret. Det aktiva lagret är det som absorberar solljus vilket exciterar elektroner till att bilda en elektriskThe interest in energy sources has shifted over the years toward sustainable energy, which has popularized the research in solar cells (among other energy sources). One of the key topics in solar cell research is the power conversion efficiency, and to understand how this can be improved one must understand the photo-induced dynamics of the solar cell material. In this thesis, we modeled the condu
The next industrial revolution has been denoted by Industry 4.0 and is the continuation of the process of knowledge acquisition and further control over the entire production process which has been evolving since the beginning of the industrialization. A paramount driver of Industry 4.0 is the smart sensor. In this master’s thesis, the first stage of a complete smart sensor will be conceptualized
Det här examensarbetet utvecklar ett koncept för infästning av fenor på jetboards som inte intränger på befintliga patent. Det resulterande konceptet medför handlingsfrihet (FTO) och följaktligen tillåter produktion av fenor med originell design. FTO innebär möjligheten till att producera och sälja en produkt utan rättsligt ansvar gentemot ägare av patent. Examensarbetet presenterar och diskuterarThis master thesis generates a concept for the means of attaching fins onto jetboards without infringing on existing patents. The resulting concept establishes freedom to operate (FTO) and enables production of fins with original designs. FTO meaning the possibility of producing and selling a product without legal liability to any patent holders. The thesis further presents and discusses user need
This study evaluated the pilot-scale rapid-prototyping development of liquid plant-based young child formulae, by exploring different sources of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and flavours. The study was undertaken in collaboration with an industrial partner thus confidential information was blinded. The raw materials examined consisted of protein blends; Legume 1, Cereal 1, and Cereal 2; Legum
Denna uppsats består utav en empirisk undersökning som syftar till att ta reda på vilka makroekonomiska faktorer som påverkar efterfrågan och därmed även prisnivån på bostäder. Det kommer även framställas en prognos för framtida prisnivåer på bostäder kan utföras med hjälp av kunskapen om hur dessa faktorer påverkar bostadspriser. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har data för olika makroekonomis
Syftet med studien var att explorativt undersöka sambandet mellan social identitet och egen attityd till klimatvänligt beteende och klimatfrågan. Mer specifikt ämnade studien att undersöka huruvida stark identifikation med sju olika sociala identiteter och tillskriven gruppattityd korrelerar med egen attityd. Tvåhundrasextiofyra personer (N=264) deltog i studien genom en digital enkät. Den statistThe aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between social identity and personal attitude towards climate-friendly behaviour and the climate crisis. More specifically, the aim was to investigate whether strong identification with seven different social identities and ascribed group attitude correlates with personal attitude. Two-hundred and sixty-four persons (N=264) participated
Ungdomar har varit föremål för straffrättslig särbehandling i flera sekel. Den nuvarande särbehandlingen föreskrivs i 29 kap. 7 § BrB och medför att om någon begår brott innan hen fyllt 21 år så ska dennes ungdom särskilt beaktas vid straffmätningen. Detta resulterar i en straffnedsättning, s.k. straffrabatt som minskar i förhållande till ökad ålder. Straffrabatten motiveras utifrån ungdomars brisYoung offenders have been specially treated in Swedish criminal law for centuries. Regulations of today are to be found in 29 kap. 7 § BrB and prescribes that anyone who commits a crime before the age of 21 should receive a reduction of their penalty because of their youth. This results in a so-called “penalty discount” that reduces as the age increase. The reasons for the existence of the penalty
How does democracy affect income inequality? Most would expect democracy to reduce income inequality. There is a general consensus that indeed democratizations in Europe during the nineteenth and early twentieth century did decrease income inequality. More recent democratizations, those countries that democratized during the 1970s-1990s, however, do not seem to have had the same effect. The body o
Det var faktiskt för ungefär 80 år sedan, när matematiker som jobbade med att utveckla kärnvapen myntade begreppet för först gången. I grund och botten, använder Monte Carlo metoder slumpmässiga värden för att lösa problem. I det här projektet är det specifikt integrationsproblem. Under ens matematikstudier, kommer vem som helst med ett litet intresse för matematik att stöta på integraler redan iIntegrals are present everywhere in science, and their computation an emphasis in education. When methods of exact computation fail, a great variety of methods of approximation can step in. This project is interested in the Monte Carlo integration methods, an approach, where the integral is approximated based on the Law of Large Numbers. These methods are compared to the methods of numerical quadr
In the last decades Peru experienced an unprecedented reduction in poverty amid a strong and sustainable economic rebound following structural reforms introduced in the 1990s which paralleled a downtrend in income inequality. Using microdata from the National Survey of Households (ENAHO) this study formally tests the simultaneous role of growth and inequality on poverty outcomes from 2007 to 2019.
In 2018, images of migrant children held in cages and sleeping on concrete floors while being held in immigration detention in the United States shocked the world. Within the framework of the zero tolerance policy on immigration mandated by President Trump, thousands of families have been separated at the border. The trauma borne out of these separations was purposefully capitalized upon to serve
The Canadian Arctic currently faces changing coastlines due isostatic rebound and climate change-driven sea-levels rising. This thesis seeks to answer how local coastlines will change over time under different Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, where errors in modelled coastlines come from, and how much of an impact isostatic rebound has on sea-levels compared to climate-change
Consumers are becoming interested in oats as a healthy food. Several studies have investigated the impact of oats components on human metabolism. The purpose of this project is to study the influence of oat polar lipids on human cardiometabolic variables, which focused on four cardiometabolic variables, these were postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, cortisol, and subjective appetite variab
The Covid-19 pandemic moved work from the office to the home, rapidly creating a new working life where remote work became the new normal. In times of change, leadership becomes important, and the managers have to take big responsibility in guiding during new uncertain situations. This thesis aims to explore how first line managers make sense and handle their practice in the new context created by
In nuclear physics, spontaneous fission halflives are central in many areas, such as the study of superheavy nuclei and astrophysical nucleosynthesis. In this thesis, a new method for obtaining spontaneous fission halflives from collective coordinate energy landscapes is proposed, tested, and compared to experimental results. The new method uses the Rayleigh quotient iteration to find the time de
The global COVID-19 pandemic is having tremendous adverse effects on human well-being and the tourism industry, revealing its high vulnerability, and putting the current system into question. A promising more sustainable tourism concept constitutes ecotourism albeit its impacts on residents’ well-being remain unexplored. Addressing this research gap, a qualitative in-field case study was conducted
