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Epitope-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used to treat many autoimmune disorders including Stiff-Man Syndrome (SMS). SMS is a neurological disorder associated with an immune-mediated deficiency of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) due to autoantibodies against the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65). GAD65 autoantibodies are present among 1-2% of healthy individuals. It
Selecting culprits in type 1 diabetes β-cell killing
Islet autoantibodies in cord blood could be a risk factor for future diabetes [5]
HLA associations in type 1 diabetes among patients not carrying high-risk DR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ8 haplotypes
Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease where numerous genes are involved in the pathogenesis. Genes that account for approximately 50% of the familial clustering of the disease are located within or in the vicinity of the HLA complex on chromosome 6. Some DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 genes are known to be involved, in addition to as yet unidentified HLA-linked genes. The DR4-DQ8 and DR3-DQ2 haplotypes are kn
Type I diabetes
Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes occurs worldwide and can appear at any age. The genetic susceptibility is strongly associated with HLA-DQ and DR on chromosome 6, but genetic factors on other chromosomes such as the insulin gene on chromosome 11 and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen gene on chromosome 2 may modulate disease risk. Numerous studies further support the view that environmental fac
Influence of chemical additives on protein stabilization against oxidation: a case study with lactate dehydrogenase
Previous exposure to measles, mumps, and rubella--but not vaccination during adolescence--correlates to the prevalence of pancreatic and thyroid autoantibodies.
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether a relationship exists between previous exposure to measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) by natural infection or vaccination or by new immunization with MMR vaccine, and either the presence or levels of autoantibodies against thyroid cell and pancreatic beta-cell antigens. METHODS: Antibodies against MMR and autoantibodies against thyroglobulin,
Radioimmunoassay for glutamic acid decarboxylase-65.
BACKGROUND: Glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is the major autoantigen in both type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and stiff-man syndrome (SMS). The observation that GAD65 autoantibodies may be present for years before the clinical onset of diabetes raises the question of when GAD65 is available to initiate an immune
Species-specific autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes
GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) are important markers for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Although most patients have GAD65Ab at the time of clinical diagnosis, there are also GAD65Ab-positive individuals in the population at low risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the GAD65Ab reactivity to GAD65 cloned from human, mouse, and rat i
Design for Desirability: An Innovation-Focused Research Collaboration between Academia and Industry
This paper outlines an innovation-focused design research collaboration that connects New Zealand design and manufacturing industry with advanced design thinking about design for desirability, a research area pursued at AFFECT - the Centre for Affective Design Research at Massey University in Wellington (NZ). Nowadays, it’s all about offering products that are desirable; products need to appeal to
Appearance of islet cell autoantibodies after clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Islet cell antibodies (ICA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65Ab) are often present at diagnosis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type I diabetes) and are supposed to decline in level and frequency during the first years of disease. We have analysed ICA and GAD65Ab at onset and after one gear in 395 population based randomly selected 15-34 year old patients newly diagnosed wi
Basinventering och metodiktest 2013 för biogeografisk uppföljning av högnordisk blåvinge (Agriades aquilo), dvärgpärlemorfjäril (Boloria improba) och fjällsilversmygare (Hesperia comma catena)
The development of a World Health Organisation international standard for islet cell antibodies : The aims and design of an international collaborative study
Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are a specific marker for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. ICA are found in the serum of over 80% of newly diagnosed patients and the levels of ICA are directly of prognostic value. Standardisation of ICA and the uniform reporting of ICA levels in international units is critical to preclinical/clinical research and the development of assays for ICA as diagn
Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies present at diagnosis of diabetes predict the need for insulin treatment : A cohort study in young adults whose disease was initially labeled as type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes
OBJECTIVE - To clarify the predictive value of islet cell antibody (ICA) and GAD65 antibody (GADA) present at diagnosis with respect to the need for insulin treatment 6 years after diagnosis in young adults initially considered to have type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The patient material was representative of the entire Swedish population, consisting of patients wh
Auto- and alloimmune reactivity to human islet allografts transplanted into type 1 diabetic patients
Allogeneic islet transplantation can restore an insulin-independent state in C-peptide-negative type 1 diabetic patients. We recently reported three cases of surviving islet allografts that were implanted in type 1 diabetic patients under maintenance immune suppression for a previous kidney graft. The present study compares islet graft-specific cellular auto- and alloreactivity in peripheral blood
Modelling perceptual product experience – Towards a cohesive framework of presentation and representation in design
This paper proposes a cohesive and comprehensive framework for perceptual product experience (PPE). The framework aims at bringing together the variety of perceptual experiences that we may have when encountering products and objects. Apart from the core sensorial, cognitive and affective modes, the framework takes into account that any experience has dimensions of presentation and representation,
Negative association between type 1 diabetes and HLA DQB1*0602-DQA1*0102 is attenuated with age at onset
HLA-associated relative risks of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus were analysed in population-based Swedish patients and controls aged 0-34 years. The age dependence of HLA-associated relative risks was assessed by likelihood ratio tests of regression parameters in separate logistic regression models for each HLA category. The analyses demonstrated an attenuation with increasing age at
Basinventering och metodiktest 2013 för biogeografisk uppföljning av svartfläckig blåvinge (Maculinea arion)
Islet autoantibodies in cord blood from children who developed type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus before 15 years of age
Islet autoantibodies are early markers for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to establish whether islet autoantibodies were present at birth in children who developed Type I diabetes before 15 years of age. Cord blood sera from 81 children who developed Type I diabetes between 10 months and 14.9 years of age were tested for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoanti