Envisioned, enacted & stated practices: ‘Creativity’/’innovation’ and the social-political ecosystem of teaching
Ethnographic (and other) studies on teachers often rely on two kinds of material: observations of teaching practices in the classroom; and statements about teaching practices, extracted both from involved actors (e.g. teacher interviews) and from documents (e.g. educational policy documents or teaching manuals). Many scholars agree that there is a discrepancy between what is stated, or desired, pr