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Research on priority-setting for research, development, and innovation (RDI) often does not take into account the many challenges associated with translating priorities into RDI programs and projects. Such implementation challenges are typically handled by RDI program officers at funding agencies i.e. those officers that manage RDI programs and projects. To address this challenge, this paper utili

Relevant to, and drawing from, a range of disciplines, the chapters in this collection show the diversity, and applicability, of research in Bayesian argumentation. Together, they form a challenge to philosophers versed in both the use and criticism of Bayesian models who have largely overlooked their potential in argumentation. Selected from contributions to a multidisciplinary workshop on the to

We give a brief introduction to the Bayesian approach to natural language argumentation, mainly oriented to readers more familiar with classical logic. Subsequently, we summarize the gist of each of the chapters so as to provide readers with an overview of the book&s content.

ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) binds directly to small regulatory RNA and is a key effector protein of post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) in Arabidopsis. The formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) of AGO1 and small RNA requires the function of the heat shock protein 70/90 chaperone system. Some functions of AGO1 occur in association

High-volume hospitals typically perform better than low-volume hospitals. In this paper, we study whether such patterns reflect a causal effect of case volume on patient outcomes. To this end, we exploit closures and openings of entire cancer clinics in Swedish hospitals which provides sharp and arguably exogenous variation in case volumes. Using detailed register data on more than 100,000 treatme

Frequency-dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological pro

Efter det fredliga regimskiftet under april 2018 var alla parter överens om att man behövde hålla tidiga val för att bättre återge den rådande allmänna opinionen i landet. Den 9 december höll man extra val som blev historiska i landets moderna historia, både i utförande men också utgång. Denna artikel ger bakgrund och en kort analys av valet och dess innebörd.

Background: While higher rates and earlier onset of frailty have been reported among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), research on how best to support these individuals is lacking. Method: An international consultation relied on three consensus building methods: the Nominal Group Technique, an NIH consensus conference approach, and a Delphi survey. Results: There is ag

Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (CLR + RAMP1) offer considerable improvements over existing drugs in migraine prophylaxis and are the first designed to act on the trigeminal pain system. Erenumab is approved by the FDA and EMA and has reached the market since May 2018. Two antibodies, fremanezumab and galcanezumab, directed towards the CGRP liga

A dual-band continuous-wave (CW) light detection and ranging (lidar) system has been developed for particle classification. In this lidar system, the range-resolved atmospheric backscattering signal is recorded by an optical imaging system satisfying the Scheimpflug principle instead of the conventional time-of-flight approach. It is thus possible to employ low-cost and compact CW diode lasers, fa

Coherent phenomena have been widely suggested to play a role in efficient photosynthetic light harvesting and charge separation processes. To substantiate these ideas, separation of intramolecular vibrational coherences from purely electronic or mixed vibronic coherences is essential. To this end, polarization-controlled two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy has been shown to provide an effectiv

The distribution of breakpoints in structural chromosome aberrations (chromatid and chromosome gaps, breaks, and exchanges) was studied in skin fibroblasts from 35 untreated patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 39 controls. A total of 227 aberrations in the NHL group and 260 in the control group could be assigned to specific chromosome bands. The distribution of breakpoints was nonrandom

A tenet of time-resolved spectroscopy is "faster laser pulses for shorter timescales". Here, we suggest turning this paradigm around, and slowing down the system dynamics via repeated measurements, to do spectroscopy on longer timescales. This is the principle of the quantum Zeno effect. We exemplify our approach with the Auger process, and find that repeated measurements increase the core-hole li

A 62-year-old previously healthy woman presented with a centroblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the thyroid. Chromosome analysis revealed two unrelated clones, 47,XX,+5 and 46,XX,-14,+der(14)t(5;14)(q11;q32). The two clones may reflect a polyclonal origin, or they may be the descendants of the same neoplastically rearranged cell. In the latter case, the clonal aberrations are either secondary to a