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Temperature is a fundamental thermodynamic parameter used to describe physical, chemical and biological processes. In combustion as in many other applications, knowledge about temperature plays a substantial role in helping to maintain an efficient and clean environment Being able to measure temperature accurately in combustion and in fire-related applications is important for giving a better unde

Chiral bicyclic diols based on bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane have been synthesized and their catalytic capacity in the asymmetric diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde compared with those described for previously synthesized 2,6-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-diols (BODOLs). The influence of the number of coordinating sites and the distance between them were studied. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A

Like their diurnal relatives, Megalopta genalis use visual information to control flight. Unlike their diurnal relatives, however, they do this at extremely low light intensities. Although Megalopta has developed optical specializations to increase visual sensitivity, theoretical studies suggest that this enhanced sensitivity does not enable them to capture enough light to use visual information t

Archaea are ubiquitous in forest soils, but little is known about the factors regulating their abundance and distribution. Low molecular weight organic compounds represent an important energy source for archaea in marine environments, and it is reasonable to suspect that archaeal abundance is dependent on such compounds in soils as well, represented by, for example, plant and fungal exudates. To t

When Swedish wastewater treatment plants were rebuilt to include enhanced nitrogen removal, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was far from being a mature technology. During the 2000s, the process has been introduced into sludge liquor treatment worldwide. The step to introduce anammox in the mainstream is decreasing, but lab- and pilot-scale studies on real municipal wastewater are yet lackin

Eunicidan polychaetes formed a significant part of Early Palaeozoic marine invertebrate communities, as shown by the abundance and diversity of scolecodonts (polychaete jaws) in the fossil record. In this study we summarize the early radiation and biodiversity trends and discuss the palaeobiogeography of these fossils. The oldest (latest Cambrian-Early Ordovician) representatives had primitive, us

Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often exhibit reduced movement quality during functional tasks in the form of a knee-medial-to-foot position (KMFP). This movement pattern is suggested to be more common in women than in men, but the possible contributing sensorimotor factors for this altered knee position are poorly studied in these patients. The aim of this study was to evalu

Placental dysfunction resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnany and severe IUGR, with ensuing fetal hypoxia is an important cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Doppler studies of fetal and maternal vessels are routinely used for fetal surveillance and alterations in fetal venous blood flow has been demonstrated as a late sign of fetal compromi

Migration, proliferation and stem cell-like activity are all key cellular characteristics which aid the formation and progression of breast cancer, in addition to involvement in treatment resistance. Many current therapies aim to target tumour proliferation, and although successful, mortality rates in breast cancer remain significant. Our main objectives were to investigate the relationship betwee

Context: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their altered expression and function have been observed in most urologic cancers. MiRNAs represent potential disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Objective: To review and evaluate the evidence implicating miRNAs in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa), and r

Climate change poses risk for natural and human systems in Africa. Increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns is likely to affect agriculture, pastoralism and forestry. Mitigation of increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 through soil carbon sequestration in semi-arid ecosystems may be beneficial to soil properties and cultivation. This paper describes and discusses soil ca

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Background: In this prospective study, mentally disordered perpetrators of severe violent and/or sexual crimes were followed through official registers for 59 (range 8 to 73) months. The relapse rate in criminality was assessed, compared between offenders sentenced to prison versus forensic psychiatric care, and the predictive ability of various risk factors (criminological, clinical, and of struc

This study examines how survival strategies of homeless people in St. Petersburg, Russia, have been affected by “roll back” and “roll out” patterns of neoliberalism. The chaotic transition to market economy after 1990 caused widespread poverty, but it also provided opportunities that allowed the most marginalized people to carve out niches to exist. Outdoor markets, railway stations, and other pla

Popular Abstract in Swedish För cirka 1,8 miljarder år sedan, medan Skandinaviens urberg var under uppbyggnad, kristalliserade en järnrik magma till ett mörkt bergartskomplex av bergarterna gabbro och diorit. Denna magma hade bildats genom delvis uppsmältning av manteln under den dåvarande kontinentkanten, transporterats flera tiotals kilometer uppåt genom sprickor i jordskorpan och på vägen upp dThe Kleva Ni-Cu sulphide deposit is situated within a gabbro-diorite intrusive complex in southeast Sweden. The basement north of the intrusive complex is dominated by 1.81–1.77 Ga granites of the Palaeoproterozoic Transscandinavian Igneous Belt (TIB). Slightly older (1.83–1.82 Ga) rocks of the Oskarshamn Jönköping Belt, which hosts numerous syngenetic and epigenetic base metal mineralisations, oc

Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodcirkulationens uppgift är att förse kroppens vävnader med näringsämnen, vätska och syre, samt att transportera bort slaggprodukter från energiomsättningen. Hörnstenen i detta utbyte mellan vävnader och cirkulation är kapillärerna, kroppens minsta och tunnaste blodkärl, som består av ett enda lager sammanhängande celler. Mellanrummen mellan cellerna är mer eller mindIn sepsis, after major surgery or severe trauma, the human body may suffer from various degrees of generalized inflammation, a syndrome called Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). One feature of SIRS is increased capillary permeability, caused by disruption of the capillary endothelium due to e.g. bacterial toxins, cytokines, pro-inflammatory hormones and free oxygen radicals. This will