Kraft lignin is the main source of technically produced lignin. For the development of valuable products based on Kraft lignin, its molecular structure is important. However, the chemical composition of Kraft lignin is still not well known. So far, the analysis of Kraft lignin by mass spectrometry (MS) has been mainly focused on monomeric compounds. Previous MS studies on lignin oligomers (LOs) co

There is a need for research to identify effective implementation strategies for injury prevention training within real-world community sports. The aim of this ecological participatory study was to identify facilitators, among stakeholders at multiple levels, that could help injury prevention training become part of regular training routines in youth team handball. Concept mapping, a mixed-method

Background: Right ventricular (RV) systolic function is an important determinant of outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Conventional echocardiographic measures of RV are mainly based on longitudinal contractility. Recently, measurement of RV global longitudinal strain derived from multiple windows (RVGLS) has emerged as an option but has not been well evaluated. The aim of the pr

Increasing evidence indicates an integral role for the complement system in the deleterious inflammatory reactions that occur during critical phases of the transplantation process, such as brain or cardiac death of the donor, surgical trauma, organ preservation and ischaemia–reperfusion injury, as well as in humoral and cellular immune responses to the allograft. Ischaemia is the most common cause

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning/Populärwissenschaftliche Zusammenfassung (först på svenska/Schwedisch och därefter på tyska/Deutsch)Nästan alla metalliska material som används idag är legeringar. Detta beror på att legeringen har förbättrade fysiska egenskaper som hållfasthet, slitstyrka och korrosionsbeständighet och dessutom bättre prestanda vid höga temperaturer jämfört med de enskilda rena This thesis reports on surface studies of industrial materials whose importance for society manifests in the vast range of applications. In industrial materials alloying is performed in order to improve the parent material's physical and mechanical properties such as strength, corrosion and wear resistance, as well as high temperature performance in comparison to the pure metal.Even though metals

Injury preventive exercise programs in community sport are of great importance to increase the well-being and engagement of youth in regular physical activity, exercise and sport from a lifespan perspective. In addition, effective Injury preventive exercise programs will indirectly contribute to enhanced sports performance; however research is needed to better understand the strategies to successf

Maternally inherited selfish genetic elements are common in animals [1]. Whereas host genetics and ecology are recognized as factors that may limit the incidence of these parasites [2, 3], theory suggests one further factor-interference with other selfish elements-that could affect their prevalence [4, 5]. In this paper, we show that spatial heterogeneity in the occurrence of the male-killing Wolb

A trajectory of two Dalit castes over five decades in relation public policy and interaction with policy makers.

Background. Validation studies comparing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations based on standardized creatinine and cystatin C assays in the elderly are needed. The Icelandic Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Kidney cohort was used to compare two pairs of recently developed GFR equations, the revised Lund-Malmö creatinine equation (LMRCr) and the arithmetic mean of the LMRCr and Caucasian,

Objectives: To describe and compare the prescribing of antibiotics used for urinary tract infections and its correlation with resistance in Escherichia coli in urinary samples across two adjacent regions - the Capital Region and the Skaane Region - and their municipalities in Denmark and Sweden. Methods: The Capital Region consists of 29 municipalities and 725 960 female inhabitants aged ≥18 years

Seals and sea lions are well-oriented in their habitat, the coastal regions and oceans, and are, moreover, successful hunters. During their movements between haul-out places and foraging grounds as well as during foraging, the sensory systems of seals and sea lions provide useful information, although the animals, and thus their sensory systems, face considerable challenges in their habitat and du

Background: Nearly 18,000 individuals suffer from hip fracture in Sweden each year. The choice in operation method for femoral neck fractures has changed over the years as well as the overall management. Functional outcome after hip fracture is affected by several factors and the overall functional level for old people in Sweden has improved over the last decades. Objective: To describe and analys

The Multi-Blade detector has been designed to be used on the reflectometry instruments at the upcoming European Spallation Source. It is a 10B-based gaseous detector, built as a modular stack of multi-wire proportional chambers organised on a circle around the sample. The detector has been fully characterised. The gamma and fast-neutron sensitivity has been measured at the Source Testing Facility

Lingonberries (LB) have been shown to have beneficial metabolic effects, which is associated with an altered gut microbiota. This study investigated whether the LB-induced improvements were associated with altered gut- and neuroinflammatory markers, as well as cognitive performance in ApoE−/− mice fed high-fat (HF) diets. Whole LB, as well as two separated fractions of LB were investigated. Eight-

We show that for several pattern graphs on four vertices (e.g., C4), their induced copies in host graphs with n vertices and no clique on k+1 vertices can be deterministically detected in O(n2.5719k0.3176+n2k2) time for k

Among the existing estimators of interactive effects (IEs) regressions, the common correlated effects (CCE) approach is probably the most popular. A major reason for this popularity is the generality of the approach. In fact, CCE is remarkably general in that it allows ample parameter heterogeneity without placing any restrictions on the true number of common factors. In the present paper, we show

Aim: Though caffeine is a consolidated treatment in preterm infants, the efficacy and safety of a higher dose have not been systematically appraised. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to compare high (loading dose >20 mg/kg and maintenance >10 mg/kg/day) versus low dose of caffeine. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Central and conference proceedings for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs