The classic division of state formation literature often discuss the state in concepts of capital and coercion, stressing the dimension of coercion in true Weberian spirit. This essay however finds a different path and a somewhat alternative way of thinking about states. Through applying the hierarchy of needs in analyzing the period of 1100-1790, this essay defines a certain number of ‘material p

This study is about the Europeanization of national politics in Sweden, based on the analysis of empirical data collected from the government ministries and offices. The focus of the study is to answer which policy areas are subject to a high-level of Europeanization, as well as investigate whether we can identify the level of Europeanization within the Swedish government ministries and the overal

This thesis aims to analyze the Swedish policy for digitalization in relation to the user and non-user. The thesis also touches upon the policy´s handling of digital exclusion. Sweden´s development towards a society which is more and more digitalized affects the citizen in many ways, which calls for this study. Furthermore, there are studies pointing to a rather significant digital exclusion in Sw

Domstolens bevisvärdering av sakkunnigutlåtanden såsom rättsintyg har tidigare uppmärksammats för att vara otillräcklig och generös. Samtidigt har rättsintygens kvalitet fått mycket kritik. År 2006 skedde dock den så kallade rättsintygsreformen och denna uppsats utreder vad reformen har inneburit för rättsintygens bevisstyrka. Syftet är att belysa de nuvarande förhållanden som råder vid rättsintygLegal science has earlier observed that the court’s assessment of expert evidence such as forensic reports can be inadequate and generous. At the same time the quality of forensic reports has been criticised. However, in 2006 a new law and regulation that regulates forensic reports came into force, and the so-called “forensic report reform” was implemented. This essay examines the meaning of the r

As climate change becomes more urgent and menacing humanity will need its cities more than ever. Green urban development is therefore a way, for leading cities, to try and tackle future complications. This is also the ambition of this study to examine a new future planned green district in central Copenhagen called Lynetteholmen. The aim of this study is to analyze potential incentives in the urba

Det svenska straffrättsliga systemet bygger på att endast fysiska personer kan begå brott och straffas för dessa. För näringsidkare, såväl fysiska som juridiska personer, har det istället införts särskilda sanktioner såsom företagsbot. Någon särskild reglering av företagsbotsprocessen och näringsidkarens processuella rättigheter vid en talan om företagsbot har däremot inte införts. Samtidigt uppstThe Swedish criminal justice system is based on the fact that only physical persons can commit crimes and be punished for them. For traders, both physical and legal persons, special sanctions such as a corporate fine have been introduced. However, no special regulations of neither the corporate fine procedure nor the procedural rights for traders, when pursuing criminal charges of a corporate fine

Since the demand on ready-to-eat (RTE) and raw, minimally processed products is high and increasing in today´s market, the microbial quality is important. One of these products is RTE salads and salads mixes that are bagged and since it is supposed to be eaten raw without any step to reduce the microbial load, these types of products are considered to be risk foods and that the risk of foodborne oThe all year around available ready-to-eat salad are increasing in popularity, and parallel with this, vegetable-derived foodborne illness outbreaks as well. Can a too long shelf life for these products be part of the problem? During recent years the focus on healthy diets and lifestyles has increased. Vegetables and fruits are important to include in meals and are a part in many modern health die

Abstract: Since the implementation of the European community in the 1950’s support for the integration process was founded on the necessity of establishing an ever-closer Union among the citizens of Europe. There was an overall belief that support for a European community would increase over time as a result of the opportunities it created and the functional pressures that followed. The public su

The Swedish welfare model has historically been financially dependent on the mining industry, which has played an important role in the Swedish economic development. Many mines are located in Swedish Sápmi, a region traditionally inhabited by the Sami people, which has led to conflicts regarding land use and land rights. In this essay I use critical discourse analysis to examine how the Swedish po

The last few years has seen the world slipping back into the classic dividing lines of the Cold War - marked perhaps most clearly by Russias invasion of Crimea in 2014. At the same time, a new phenomenen has entered modern politics. We discuss fake news, information warfare and election meddling - again with Russia as a proposed assailant. What is the driving force behind this? And is it something

This paper aims to examine the roots of the Egyptian revolution of 2011, by tracing the vital variables for mobilization to flourish. This is made possible through the creation of a mobilization model based on the theoretical framework of Rational Choice and Collective Action, in combination with Charles Tilly’s writings on the subject. The model’s variables can then be examined in depth through a

Understanding third spaces as spaces of resistance and hybridity, this thesis examines western policies of remediation from a minoritarian perspective. It is an attempt to understand textual reality from a minoritarian viewpoint with tools offered for such critical analysis. Policies and organizations of influence are the greatest transmitters of homogeneous values; understanding power through tec

Den 1 juli 2018 förändrades den svenska våldtäktslagstiftningen. Gränsen mellan tillåtet sex och otillåtna övergrepp flyttades från tvång till frivillighet. En del av debatten som föregått lagändringen har handlat om hur processen i domstol skulle kunna påverkas. Framför allt har det sagts att bevissvårigheter kommer att uppstå samt att våldtäktsoffret kommer att vara i fokus vid den rättsliga pröOn July 1st 2018 the Swedish legislation concerning rape was changed. The line between legal sexual intercourse and illegal sexual assault was moved from coercion to voluntariness. The debate prior to the amendment of the law has partly concerned how the legal process in the courts would be affected by this change. It has been pointed out that there will be difficulties regarding evidence and that

This study will consider the link between trade openness and the preferences for social policy of key actors. In so doing, the findings will contribute to better understanding the qualitative link between globalization and social policy expansion (the compensation hypothesis) and complement previous quantitative findings. Given the importance of corporatism for the relationship, this study conside

Artificiell intelligens har under de senaste åren börjat att användas vid skapandet av musikaliska kompositioner. Systemen är i lång utsträckning autonoma och kan fatta självständiga beslut vid skapandeprocessen. Uppsatsen ämnar att utreda förhållandet mellan den svenska upphovsrätten och de musikaliska kompositioner som inte skapas av en människa utan av ett system byggt på artificiell intelligenIn recent years, artificial intelligence has started to be used in the process of creating musical compositions. The systems are to a large extent autonomous and can make independent decisions in the creative process. The thesis aims to investigate the relationship between Swedish copyright and the musical compositions that are not created by a human but by a system built on artificial intelligenc

This thesis explores how subjects are constructed within the labour market program called Trelleborgsmodellen, or the Trelleborg Model. It focuses on the Labour Market Department within Trelleborg Municipality and how economic welfare applicants and street level bureaucrats are constructed in the policy. The analysis is based on policy document and interviews with labour market secretaries at the

The differences in levels of taxation around the developed world is a puzzle in many aspects. What is it that really explains these differences and how is it possible that the citizens of some countries accept much higher levels of taxation? In this bachelor thesis the institutional aspects of this question is examined through the lens of how the degree of universalism in the welfare state might a

This paper sets out to describe the European union’s understanding of culture, to contribute to the discussion on the European union’s use of culture to create unity within Europe; that can support the legitimacy of the union. The problem guiding the study is that Europe is not given as a unit though it often presents itself that way. The question that will be answered, is how the European union’s

The public sector has approached the private sector, which can be seen in, for example, private public partnership (PPP). In this study, the relationship between democratic process and substance requirements within PPP is examined. The purpose of the thesis is to qualitatively examine what place democratic process and substance requirements possess in PPP and how it relates to institutional logic

Salience approaches are a widely used theory when studying political behavior on how political party’s emphases certain policy issues more than other issues and therefore, defining certain topics as more important to the party than other policies. One of the most important documents studying policy salience is the election manifestos parties present to the voters, containing intentions and views o