This thesis analyses the relation between working hours and four different economic outcomes, productivity, employment, wellbeing, and fertility. The first part of the analysis focusses on regressions of five different measures of weekly average working hours on the economic outcomes, while the second part deals with extensions that makes groups based on average income and mean working hours. Whil

Using data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey on smoking behaviors for roughly 440,000 European youths over the years 2001-2018, we show that a one euro increase in cigarette excise taxes reduces smoking prevalence (share of children who has smoked) by 2 percentage points using a two-way fixed effects model. This translates to a participation elasticity of -0.1, implying yout

Extreme environmental conditions make soils of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert one of the most hostile habitats for life on the planet. During the short intervals of moisture availability that occur, it remains unresolved how soil microorganisms physiologically respond to such dramatic environmental changes. Therefore, we simulated a precipitation event – without (H2O) and with (H2O + C) labile carb

Copper redox mediators have enabled open-circuit voltages (VOC) of over 1.0 V in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and have helped to establish DSCs as the most promising solar cell technology in low-light conditions. The addition of additives such as 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) to these electrolytes has helped in achieving high solar cell performances. However, emerging evidence suggests that tBP

The recently introduced perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology is a promising candidate for providing low-cost energy for future demands. However, one major concern with the technology can be traced back to morphological defects in the electron selective layer (ESL), which deteriorates the solar cell performance. Pinholes in the ESL may lead to an increased surface recombination rate for holes, if

The COVID-19 pandemic amplified demands on parents regarding balancing childcare and working from home. How parents distribute responsibilities differs culturally, and governments undertook varied strategies to address COVID-19. Research indicates that the pandemic resulted in increased burden for mothers, but also that it created a novel situation in which parenting and working styles could be re

High efficiency lead halide perovskite solar cells employ spiro-OMeTAD or PTAA as a hole transporting material. This type of hole conductor requires dopants mainly to improve hole mobility. Although such doping has improved solar cell performance, in particular open circuit photovoltage and fill factor, the mechanism of the improvement has rarely been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate influence of

This article describes, discusses, and evaluates an educational program aimed at building resilience in public libraries. The program focuses on personal and organizational resilience and builds upon four themes: trust, stress and uncertainty, group identity, and character-strengths. Eighty-seven Swedish public library professionals participated in it. A mixed-method approach was used to study how

BACKGROUND: Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a normal product of neuronal activity, including that of the aggregation-prone Aβ42 variant that is thought to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much knowledge about AD comes from studies of transgenic rodents expressing mutated human amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) to increase Aβ production or the Aβ42/40 ratio. Yet, little is known about the normal expression of Aβ

The effect of modeling the knee as a simple spherical or revolute joint during gait, cutting and hopping were evaluated. The results indicate that, even during gait, a revolute joint may be too restrictive in its representation of the knee, with flexion/extension errors as high as 9.4°. By imposing the spherical joint, joint angles showed consistent and strong correlations with the true joint angl

IntroductionForensic pathologists are frequently confronted with questions about the likelihood that an injury is inflicted by an assault or is self-inflicted. However, little is known of epidemiological variables applicable to differentiate between homicides and suicides in deaths caused by single stab injuries to the trunk. MethodUsing the Swedish forensic autopsy register we identified 94 homic

Objective – In response to unrelenting disruptions in academic publishing and higher education ecosystems, the Informed Systems approach supports evidence based professional activities to make decisions and take actions. This conceptual paper presents two core models, Informed Systems Leadership Model and Collaborative Evidence-Based Information Process Model, whereby co-workers learn to make info

Tidigare forskning har uppmärksammat att lyssna är en viktig del i organisationers strategiska kommunikation, likaså möjligheterna med att lyssna på sociala medier. Men frågan som kvarstår är: hur praktiserar organisationer ett strategiskt lyssnande på sociala medier? Det finns en identifierad avsaknad av forskning som belyser hur ett strategiskt lyssnande kan tillämpas på sociala medier i praktikThe importance of listening as a part of organizations' strategic communication has been stated in previous research, as well as the possibilities of listening on social media. But the question that remains is: how can strategic listening be put into practice on social media? There is an identified lack of research that highlights how strategic listening can be applied to social media in the p

Sustainable development requires collaboration between governments, businesses, and citizens. However, economic models, sustainability practices, and global policies are currently not fit-for-purpose to maintain global temperatures to 1.5 degrees centigrade within the timescales required to maintain a safe space for humanity to thrive. This study maps the alignment of business values and practices

The purpose of this thesis is to examine sustainability trends in Ghana’s energy system. This is done through the construction of a composite index, which is suggested as a more proper way to measure progress towards achieving Sustainable Developing Goal 7. The results imply that Ghana’s energy system has become more sustainable in social terms, such as energy accessibility and security, but less