We investigate the possibility of using transient absorption of a coherent bound electron wave packet in hydrogen as an attosecond pulse characterization technique. In a recent work, we have shown that photoionization of such a coherent bound electron wave packet opens up for pulse characterization with unprecedented temporal accuracy - independent of the atomic structure - with maximal photoemiss

It has been argued that competitive elite sport both a) reduces the humanity of athletes by turning them into beings whose sole value is determined in relation to others, and b) is motivated by a celebration of the genetically superior and humiliation of the weak. This paper argues that while a) is a morally reproachable attitude to competition, it is not what competitive elite sport revolves arou

Sources of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in atmospheric aerosols (carbonaceous aerosols) were investigated by collection of weekly aerosol filter samples at six background sites in Northern Europe (Birkenes, Norway; Vavihill, Sweden; Risoe, Denmark; Cabauw and Rotterdam in The Netherlands; Melpitz, Germany) during winter 2013. Analysis of 14C and a set of molecular tracers were use

A robust and relatively compact calibration-free thermometric technique using diode lasers two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) for reactive flows at atmospheric pressures is investigated. TLAF temperature measurements were conducted using indium and, for the first time, gallium atoms as temperature markers. The temperature was measured in a multi-jet burner running methane/air flames providing var

We present a likelihood-based test for clustering among sub-population mean directions for circular data. The test is based on a two-level hierarchical model with von Mises distributed variation on each level. The properties of the tests are investigated and compared to the commonly applied techniques of second-order analysis and pseudo-pooling of directions for the situation at hand. Finally we a

Liver fat can be non-invasively measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and fibrosis estimated as stiffness using transient elastography (FibroScan). There are no longitudinal data on changes in liver fat in Europids or on predictors of liver stiffness using these methods. We determined liver fat (1H-MRS) and clinical characteristics including features of insulin resistance at

Background: Sepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) accounts for major morbidity and mortality among the critically ill. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a promising biomarker in predicting development and prognosis of severe sepsis and septic shock that has recently been proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of AKI. The objective of this study was to investigate the added predictive val

Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är den näst vanligaste neurodegenerativa sjukdomen efter Alzheimers sjukdom och drabbar över 1 % av personer över 65 år. Även om denna progressiva och försvagande sjukdom brukar anses vara en motorsjukdom, med symtom som stelhet, långsamma rörelser och vilotremor, så påverkas också icke-motoriska funktioner som sömn, kognition och mag-tarmfunktion. Dessa symtom förekommer vParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and affects over 1% of people above the age of 65. This progressive and debilitating disease is usually thought of as a motor disease, with symptoms such as muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, and tremor at rest.PD can be familial, where a single inherited gene mutation causes the disease, but most cases of PD (90%) a

In this paper, we investigate the effects of offshoring on workers' job security using matched employer-employee data from Sweden. For our observed period (1997-2011), while the share of firms engaged in offshoring fell during the period from around 25% to 22%, offshoring per worker within offshoring firms almost doubled. We make use of this variation to contribute to the literature on several fro

BackgroundThe colors in which we see an object are not only dependent on the spectral composition of the reflected light but also represent an interpretation by our eyes and the trichromatic visual system.ObjectiveHow do animals of other species see the world?ResultsThe majority of mammals do not have three but only two types of cones and therefore have dichromatic color vision. Marine mammals and