Filetype
Oriented behaviour is present in almost all animals, indicating that it is an ancient feature that has emerged from animal brains hundreds of millions of years ago. Although many complex navigation strategies have been described, each strategy can be broken down into a series of elementary navigational decisions. In each moment in time, an animal has to compare its current heading with its desired
For many insects, celestial compass cues play an important role in keeping track of their directional headings. One well-investigated group of celestial orientating insects are the African ball-rolling dung beetles. After finding a dung pile, these insects detach a piece, form it into a ball and roll it away along a straight path while facing backwards. A brain region, termed the central complex,
OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional associations between regional tau, β-amyloid (Aβ), and cortical thickness and neuropsychological function across the preclinical and clinical spectrum of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: We included 106 participants from the Swedish Biomarkers for Identifying Neurodegenerative Disorders Early and Reliably (BioFINDER) study, of whom 33 had preclinical AD (A
This study assessed the impact of climate change on flood frequency and flood source area at basin scale considering Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 General Circulation Models (CMIP5 GCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was calibrated and validated for the Ta
Antibodies against P. falciparum merozoites fix complement to inhibit blood-stage replication in naturally-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity; however, specific targets of these functional antibodies and their importance in protective immunity are unknown. Among malaria-exposed individuals, we show that complement-fixing antibodies to merozoites are more strongly correlated with protective immu
There is an increasing demand for alternative in vitro methods to replace animal testing, and, to succeed, new methods are required to be at least as accurate as existing in vivo tests. However, skin sensitization is a complex process requiring coordinated and tightly regulated interactions between a variety of cells and molecules. Consequently, there is considerable difficulty in reproducing this
Butyric acid has been shown to reduce high-fat diet-related metabolic disturbances and to improve intestinal barrier function due to its potent anti-inflammatory capacity. This study investigates whether a butyric acid ester, monobutyrin (MB) affects lipid profiles and gut barrier function in a dose-response manner in rats fed butter- or lard-based high-fat diets. Four-week-old male Wistar rats we
This work investigates the stability of emulsions prepared by using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified waxy maize starch in the form of granules, dissolved starch, and non-solvent precipitated starch as Pickering emulsion stabilisers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different forms of starches on the stability of emulsion using light microscopy, light scattering, and
Background: Lead exposure, even at low levels, is associated with adverse health effects in humans. We investigated the determinants of individual lead levels in a general population-based sample of adults from Florence, Italy. Methods: Erythrocyte lead levels were measured (using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) in 454 subjects enrolled in the Florence cohort of the European Prospect
Motivation: High throughput biomedical measurements normally capture multiple overlaid biologically relevant signals and often also signals representing different types of technical artefacts like e.g. batch effects. Signal identification and decomposition are accordingly main objectives in statistical biomedical modeling and data analysis. Existing methods, aimed at signal reconstruction and deco
When saline water is used to irrigate crops in arid environments, appropriate irrigation management should be applied to avoid negatively impacting soil characteristics. In this study, the effects of irrigating date palms with saline water (2.24 g l−1) on soil physicochemical characteristics such as the electrical conductivity (ECe), the pH of the saturated soil paste (pHe), the concentrations of
A numerical method is employed to study effects of convergence angle and dimple shape on flow structure and heat transfer under a rotating frame. The investigated convergence angles are 0.0°, 6.3°, and 12.7°. The dimple shapes are circular, streamwise-elliptical, and spanwise-elliptical. The rotation number ranges from 0.0 to 0.4. Computed flow structures and heat transfer are compared. Higher rot
While price-fixing on platforms can attract severe enforcement action, as shown by the Amazon poster case, a more nuanced picture emerges regarding the fixing of prices for sellers by sharing economy platforms. This article explores possible antitrust responses to such centralized platform-driven price-fixing. The article, first, provides an introduction to the sharing economy and pricing models o
Background: Electronic media use is an important avenue for reaching stigmatized populations. We examined Internet access and use of sexually related electronic media among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 4 cities in Tanzania. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 231 MSM in Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha, and Tanga regarding electronic media type, times of use, type of use and frequency
The understanding of pedestrian movement in smoke-filled environments is of significant importance in fire safety engineering applications. This chapter presents an overview of the main concepts concerning pedestrian movement in smoke, with a particular emphasis on the adverse effects that it can have on pedestrian evacuation. Several factors are discussed, including fire, pedestrian and environme
The study presents the first description and analysis of ostracod records from three sites cored in different parts of the Baltic Sea during the IODP Expedition 347, Baltic Sea Paleoenvironment. Our data present the first high-resolution ostracod records from the Late Weichselian and Holocene sediments collected across the Baltic Sea Basin. Using published data on modern ostracod species ecology o
