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Connectionist architectures constitute a popular method for modelling animal associative learning processes in order to glean insights into the formation of cognitive capacities. Such approaches (based on purely feedforward activity) are considered limited in their ability to capture relational cognitive capacities. Pavlovian learning value-based models, being not based purely on fully connected f

The global environment suffers from utilizing fossil fuels to powering internal combustion engines (ICE), due to the massive amounts of released CO2. Besides the global impact, the local environments experience high concentrations of harmful pollutants such as NOx, CO, soot and particulate matter (PM). The automotive industry is continuously striving to find new solutions to decrease fuel consumpt

We examine the construction of electromagnetism in its current form, and in an alternative form, from a point of view that combines a minimal realism with strict rational demands. We begin by discussing the requests of reason when constructing a theory and next, we follow the historical development as presented in the record of original publications, the underlying epistemology (often explained by

The return of individual birds to an exact area in successional years is a remarkable phenomenon. Here we report on the remarkably reversed: the complete absence of returning individuals of a migratory passerine with otherwise pronounced philopatry. In Abisko in northern Sweden none of the banded adult willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) returned to breed 2011-14. This is in stark contrast to

Location is everything and the geographical distribution of populations will make them differentially affected by global warming. Sweden’s north to south orientation presents a great frame for studying the effect of latitudinal climate change. We present a long-term study on the migratory behaviour of two populations of Willow Warbler subspecies (southern Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and north

Birds, and especially long-distance migrants, are excellent indicators of climate-induced phenological change. Advanced spring arrival is a typical response reported in a great number of species. Earlier arrival can lead to e.g. earlier egg-laying and thus have potentially great fitness consequences. Studies have suggested that certain aspects of avian life-history can predict a likely response to

Only in primates is permanent male-female association the most widespread social structure of all. The continuous presence of resident males in the social group can have significant impacts on female fitness, both in forms of costs and benefits. In this study I investigate particular short-term benefits and costs of resident males to females in a population of ursine colobus (Colobus vellerosus).

The ability to recognize emotions undergoes major developmental changes from infancy to adolescence, peaking in early adulthood, and declining with aging. A life span approach to emotion recognition is lacking in the auditory domain, and it remains unclear how the speaker’s and listener’s ages interact in the context of decoding vocal emotions. Here, we examined age-related differences in vocal em

The therapeutic management of Sjögren syndrome (SjS) has not changed substantially in recent decades: treatment decisions remain challenging in clinical practice, without a specific therapeutic target beyond the relief of symptoms as the most important goal. In view of this scenario, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) promoted and supported an international collaborative study (EULAR S

A semi-analytic model is developed to describe the flow through an inlet between a lagoon and the sea due to a simple tide and the related morphological response of the inlet. The governing equation for the water level variation in the lagoon is derived from the continuity and momentum equations and then solved for quasi-steady conditions yielding analytic expression for the main flow-related prop

The successful synthesis of hierarchically structured titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) with large intracrystalline macropores by steam-assisted crystallisation of mesoporous silica particles is reported. The macropore topology was imaged in 3D by using electron tomography and synchrotron radiation-based ptychographic X-ray computed tomography, revealing interconnected macropores within the crystals ac

The phenomenon of overtourism encapsulates the spirit of contemporary mass tourism. It has gained attention lately as an unsustainable consequence of the intensification of destination management principles in urban economic planning strategy. Stories about “the invasion” of visitors into a numberof popular European cities frequently circulate in news and social media. Research has begun to examin

Countering fear and promoting experiences of security and safety among visitors are key issues in creating socially sustainable urban destinations. Security branding is a growing place branding paradigm through which to enhance experiences and perceptions of safety in cities, nations and regions (Coaffee and Van Ham, 2008; Coaffee and Rogers, 2008; Avraham and Ketter, 2008). This paper discusses h

The increasing number of tourists to urban destinations such as, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dubrovnik, Hong Kong, and Rio de Janeiro cause a range of problems related to conflicts between visitors and residents, lack of accessibility to different areas in the cities, and damage to green spaces (Joppe, 2018; Novy, 2018). The growth focused strategies of urban destinations have created an unstainable tou