The major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) form a large protein family of ancient origin and are found in bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. MIPs act as channels in membranes to facilitate passive transport across the membrane. Some MIPs allow small polar molecules like glycerol or urea to pass through the membrane. However, the majority of MIPs are thought to be aquaporins (AQPs), i.e., they are spec

A set of simple analytical equations, derived from the Flory-Huggins theory, are used to identify the dominant driving forces for phase separation and solute (e.g., protein) partitioning, in the absence and presence of added electrolyte, in every general class of aqueous two-phase systems. The resulting model appears to capture the basic nature of two-phase systems and all trends observed experime

Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in sensory neurons varies with injury or inflammation. The neurotrophins NGF and NT-3 are profound regulators of neuronal peptidergic phenotype in intact and injured sensory neurons. This study examined their potential for modulation of PACAP expression in adult rat with intact and injured L4-L6 spinal nerves with or without immediat

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the lived experience of fall risk from a lifeworld perspective in elderly women with previous fragility fractures. Thirteen elderly women with a high risk of fall and fracture, aged 76-86, living in their own homes in rural areas, were recruited from a voluntary fracture prevention programme. All women had a history of fragility fractures and we

A containment scale-model test, performed at Sandia National Laboratories, was loaded by overpressurization and the first leak was concluded to be caused by tears in the steel liner found near the equipment hatch. These tears were located in the vicinity of the vertical fold in between the general curved part and the embossment (vertical bend line). A 3D finite element analysis of the region near

The flow dynamics of a multiple jet combustor is investigated using large eddy simulation. This particular combustor geometry is designed to mix hot combustion products from a central recirculation zone into the surrounding fuel/air jets. Using proper orthogonal decomposition, a large scale rotation of the central recirculation zone around the combustor axis was identified, though the averaged flo

The extant mammalian groups Monotremata, Marsupialia and Placentalia are, according to the ‘Theria’ hypothesis, traditionally classified into two subclasses. The subclass Prototheria includes the monotremes and subclass Theria marsupials and placental mammals. Based on some morphological and molecular data, an alternative proposition, the Marsupionta hypothesis, favours a sister group relationship

Unlike most ordered molecular systems, globular proteins exhibit a temperature of maximum stability, implying that the structure can be disrupted by cooling. This cold denaturation phenomenon is usually linked to the temperature-dependent hydrophobic driving force for protein folding. Yet, despite the key role played by protein−water interactions, hydration changes during cold denaturation have no

This article deals with the legal understanding of the demands in working life on employees’ability to cooperate. The concept of cooperation ability is here used in the sense of an ability to actively facilitate communication and foster relationships with colleagues and supervisors through flexibility and commitment, and thereby benefit the employer’s business. Special attention is paid to the dis

This paper presents a multimode soft-output multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal detector that is efficient in hardware cost and energy consumption. The detector is capable of dealing with spatial-multiplexing (SM),break space-division-multiple-access (SDMA), and spatial-diversity (SD) signals of 4 ✕ 4 antenna and 64-QAM modulation. Implementation-friendly algorithms, which reuse most of t

It is now increasingly recognized that aviation is an important driver of individual and global mobility. Growth in mobility is not evenly distributed, however: recent studies indicate that a relatively small, highly mobile part of society may account for a large share of the total distances travelled. In reviewing one of the processes that may lead to growth in individual aeromobility, the paper

The thermal insulation properties of clothing systems can be defined through physical measurements using thermal manikins or through wear trials using human test subjects. One objective of the European Subzero project was to define the relationship between physically measured thermal insulation values of cold-protective clothing and the corresponding physiological reactions on human test subjects.

The migratory orientation of juvenile white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli, was investigated by orientation cage experiments in manipulated magnetic fields performed during the evening twilight period in northwestern Canada in autumn. We did the experiments under natural clear skies in three magnetic treatments: (1) in the local geomagnetic field; (2) in a deflected magnetic fie

Affinity chromatography is routinely used mostly on a preparative scale to isolate different biomolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates. To this end a variety of proteins is in common use as ligands. To extend the arsenal of binders intended for separation of carbohydrates, we have explored the use of carbohydratebinding modules (CBM) in affinity chromatography. The thermostable protein CBM4-

This study is a long-term follow-up in narrative form of three former psychiatric patients who had been discharged eight to nine years earlier from an outpatient occupational therapy programme. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding about the participants' views about the period of therapy from a long-term perspective and of how the outcome of therapy could be understood within the

Two new long sediment cores (EC1 and EC3), recovered from different locations within the infilled basin at Les Echets, France, provide a new high-resolution record of terrestrial and lacustrine responses to climatic changes during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3 and 2. The lithologies of the cores are described in detail and correlated with each other by stratigraphic marker horizons, fluctuations i