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OBJECTIVES: The "neurological wake-up test" is needed to evaluate the level of consciousness in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. However, the neurological wake-up test requires interruption of continuous sedation and may induce a stress response and its use in neurocritical care is controversial. We hypothesized that the neurological wake-up test induces an additional biochemical stres

BACKGROUND: Diffuse traumatic axonal injury (TAI), a common consequence of traumatic brain injury, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory processes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of TAI. In the central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) TAI model in mice, the neuroinflammatory and astroglial response and behavioral changes are unknown.METHODS: Twenty cFPI-inju

This study aims to assess the potential of trees for integration in urban development by evaluating the damage caused by trees in relation to various tree characteristics. Tree damage to permeable pavement systems and other urban structures such as impermeable pavements, kerbs, roads, retaining walls, footpaths, walls and buildings were assessed to identify the most suitable trees for the urban en

Axonal injury is an important contributor to the behavioral deficits observed following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Additionally, loss of myelin and/or oligodendrocytes can negatively influence signal transduction and axon integrity. Apoptotic oligodendrocytes, changes in the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) population and loss of myelin were evaluated at 2, 7 and 21 days following TBI. We

PURPOSE: Recovery is limited following traumatic brain injury (TBI) since injured axons regenerate poorly and replacement of lost cells is minimal. Behavioral improvements could instead be due to plasticity of uninjured brain regions. We hypothesized that plasticity of the uninjured hemisphere occurs contralateral to a focal TBI in the adult rat. Thus, we performed cortical mapping of the cortex c

The structure tensor is a powerful tool describing the local intensity structure of an image or image sequence. In this paper we give a model for the noise distribution of the components of the tensor. In order to do so we have also investigated some properties of the gamma distribution. We show that, given an input image corrupted with Gaussian noise, the noise in the structure tensor can be modeThe structure tensor is a powerful tool describing the local intensity structure of an image or image sequence. In this paper we give a model for the noise distribution of the components of the tensor. In order to do so we have also investigated some properties of the gamma distribution. We show that, given an input image corrupted with Gaussian noise, the noise in the structure tensor can be mode

We investigated the role of the axon guidance molecule EphA4 following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Neutralization of EphA4 improved motor function and axonal regeneration following experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that genetic absence of EphA4 could improve functional and histological outcome following TBI. Using qRT-PCR in wild-type (WT) mice, we evaluated the EphA

Increasing evidence suggests that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a key mediator of the inflammatory response following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, we showed that intracerebroventricular administration of an IL-1β-neutralizing antibody was neuroprotective following TBI in mice. In the present study, an anti-IL-1β antibody or control antibody was administered intraperitoneally following contr

Dispersai from the centre o f the breeding range of the BalticGreylag Goose Anser anser was studied using observationsof individuals with neck collars. The median natal dispersal distance was 0 km in females and 25 km in mates, respectively. A ll of the females recruited to w ith in7 km o f where they had been reared, 87% to the natal lake and 11% toneighbouring water bodies. Of the mates, only 11

Migration patterns of Nordic Greylag Geese Anser anserwere studied by means of neck-collaring. A total of 4173birds (738 breeders, 1999 goslings and 1436 moulters;most moulters subsequently identified as belonging to aspecified breeding population) was marked throughoutNorway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland during 1984–1994. This report is based on observations made up to 30June 1995. In general, Nor

Field choice of staging and wintering geese were regularlynoted during the International Goose Counts in south-westScania, South Sweden, since the start in 1977/78. Markedchanges in the selection of field types was noted during theautumn counts. When the counts started sugar beet fieldswere important for Anser fabalis during late autumn,whereas Anser albifrons, Branta canadensis and the fewstaging

Regular goose counts have been undertaken in Swedensince 1977/78 as a part of the International Goose Countsorganised by Wetlands International. The main counts areundertaken in October and November, covering all sites ofimportance for Bean Goose Anser fabalis and in Januarywhen all sites are covered. September counts of GreylagGoose Anser anser will be published separately. In October,the major p

In this paper, we focus on uplink scheduling with the practical constraints imposed by the Long-Term Evolution/Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE/LTE-A) standard. We consider multimedia traffic generated by mobile users with heterogeneous quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. To tackle the resulting time and frequency problem, we then propose an adaptive and potential aware scheduling scheme (APAS

This article focuses upon the popular devotion for la Santa Muerte that emerged in Mexico and is gaining a rapid increase in notoriety in the country and abroad. The first sections reconstruct in detail its protean manifestations, as well as the interpretations contained in extant scholarly investigations, popular Mexican press and other texts. The final section, adopting a fine-grained, theologic

The analysis of the trace graphs generated by dataflow program executions has been shown to be an effective tool for exploring and optimizing the design space of application programs on manycore/multicore platforms. In this work a new approach aiming at finding bounded buffer size configurations for implementations generated by dataflow programs is presented. The introduced method is based on an o

Conflicts often lead to expression of emotion to unrelated parties. We study non-instrumental verbal expression in binary ultimatum games, where receivers can comment either privately or to a third-party audience prior to accepting or rejecting the offer. The potential for gossip is sufficient to induce image concerns in senders, resulting in fairer offers in the audience treatment. Consequently,

Food law, and food labeling, establishes the rights of consumers to safe food and to accurate and honest information. However, food laws can also become a trade barrier and thus contribute to food waste