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Background: Newborns, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), are exposed to a large number of medications, the majority of which are not labeled for use in infants, especially in preterm newborns, because clinical trials on their benefits and harms are lacking. There is a huge gap in knowledge on pharmacokinetic (PK) data in sick preterm infants, including that of drug penetration to

The generality problem is commonly considered to be a critical difficulty for reliabilism. In this paper, we present a dynamical perspective on the problem in the spirit of naturalized epistemology. According to this outlook, it is worth investigating how token belief-forming processes instantiate specific types in the biological agent’s cognitive architecture (including other relevant embodied fe

Country case study for an international report on the COVID-19 management in 16 countries with a focus on health, economic, and political dimensions and outcomes.

Our paper begins in the early days of the 2000s, a time when techno-futurist imaginaries sprung up around two emerging digital book formats: the e-book and the digitalized audiobook. However, while many actors celebrated the opportunities they saw in these new formats, many worried over what the consequences a digital future would have for the traditional printed book. Based on qualitative contentOur paper begins in the early days of the 2000s, a time when techno-futurist imaginaries sprung up around two emerging digital book formats: the e-book and the digitalized audiobook. However, while many actors celebrated the opportunities they saw in these new formats, many worried over what the consequences a digital future would have for the traditional printed book. Based on qualitative content

The aim of this article is to explore the everyday life experiences of elderly (+70 years) living with young locals and refugees in a collaborative housing project before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. The paper discusses the importance of the spatial dimension in the conceptualization of social integration. The main method is a qualitative case study based on observations of settings

Sex differences have been observed in multiple facets of cancer epidemiology, treatment and biology, and in most cancers outside the sex organs. Efforts to link these clinical differences to specific molecular features have focused on somatic mutations within the coding regions of the genome. Here we report a pan-cancer analysis of sex differences in whole genomes of 1983 tumours of 28 subtypes as

Background: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are community health workers responsible for improving the health status of people by facilitating their access to healthcare services. The life skills of ASHA are known to be effective in negotiating behaviour change in the community; however, there has been a meagre focus towards improving them. Considering this gap, we adopted a comprehensiv

Probing the cellular structure of in vivo biological tissue is a fundamental problem in biomedical imaging and medical science. This work introduces an approach for analyzing diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data acquired by the novel tensor-valued encoding technique for characterizing tissue microstructure. Our approach first uses a signal model to estimate the variance and skewness of the di

The RNA integrity number (RIN) is a frequently used quality metric to assess the completeness of rRNA, as a proxy for the corresponding mRNA in a tissue. Current methods operate at bulk resolution and provide a single average estimate for the whole sample. Spatial transcriptomics technologies have emerged and shown their value by placing gene expression into a tissue context, resulting in transcri

The purpose of the study was to assess both anatomic and functional outcomes between short-pulse continuous wavelength and infrared micropulse lasers in the treatment of DME. This was a prospective interventional study from tertiary care eye hospital—King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema were treated with subthreshold lase

Aims: Antimicrobial resistance presents an increasingly serious threat to global public health, which is directly related to how antibiotic medication is used in society. Actions aimed towards the optimised use of antibiotics should be implemented on equal terms and according to the needs of the population. Previous research results on differences in antibiotic use between socio-economic and demog

Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/

Objective: Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has devastating consequences but therapeutic options and the underlying pathogenesis remain poorly understood despite extensive preclinical and clinical research. One of the drawbacks of most preclinical studies to date is that the mechanisms behind DCI after SAH are studied only in male an

Sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SOx and NOx) are harmful pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by industry and transport sectors. In addition to being hazardous gases, SOx and NOx form sulfuric and nitric acids which contribute to the formation of airborne particulate matter through nucleation and condensation, hence magnifying the environmental impact of these species. In this work, we build a model

Iso-humulone is an essential component for beer derived from hop, which is able to improve foam stability, increase bitterness and prolong shelf life, but its physiochemical properties have not been fully characterised. There is a limited amount of knowledge on how iso-humulone behaves in solution and at interfaces. In this work, the properties of iso-humulone are characterised in solution and at

With the increasing requirements of compressed gas energy storage systems for compressors and expanders, sliding vane rotary compressors are worth trying. To study the influence of different configurations of discharge ports on the performance of compressors, numerical simulations are conducted on the innovative sliding vane compressors with a rotating cylinder. The reliable Renormalization Group

Introduction: There is limited awareness of von Willebrand disease (VWD), leading to challenges in both diagnosis and defining the optimal treatment approach for these patients. Patients with VWD are typically treated on-demand, with short-term prophylaxis used during surgery. In contrast, early initiation, and long-term use of prophylaxis is the standard of care in patients with severe haemophili

Countries with abundant solar radiation have the potential to invest in simple technologies for deactivation of many bacteria and viruses in medical solid waste. In addition to the traditional Infection and Prevention Control (IPC) measures, these simple technologies contribute to better protection of health care workers in countries with compromised solid management schemes. Monitoring of tempera

We investigate stability issues for steady states of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system numerically in Schwarzschild, maximal areal, and Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. Across all coordinate systems we confirm the conjecture that the first binding energy maximum along a one-parameter family of steady states signals the onset of instability. Beyond this maximum perturbed solutions