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A long-standing hypothesis posits that natural selection can favour two female strategies when density cycles. At low density, females producing many smaller progeny are favoured when the intrinsic rate of increase, r, governs population growth. At peak density, females producing fewer, high-quality, progeny are favoured when the carrying capacity, K, is exceeded and the population crashes. Here w
For a short-lived organism, such as a freshwater zooplankter, the ways of coping with years of local recruitment failure are either to disperse between habitats and recolonise or to disperse in time through diapause. Diapause is common among freshwater zooplankton and is generally seen as a way to escape periods of harsh environmental conditions. The egg-bank or pool of diapausing copepodites in l
We reviewed the literature on urothelial carcinoma in the prostatic urethra and prostate. We concluded that the incidence of urothelial carcinoma in the prostatic urethra and prostate is probably underestimated. This fact warrants thorough follow-up of patients with high-risk bladder cancers and also whole-mount examination of the prostate after cystectomy to recognize the true incidence and exten
This article is based upon "The management of diabetic foot osteomyelitis - a progress report on diagnosing and a consensus on treating osteomyelitis". The principle of treatment is to administer antibiotics while providing a local environment in which the medication can work. This typically involves the removal of dead, soft tissue and accessible dead bone during the wound care process. These int
We have investigated the possibility of using carbon nanotubes as flexible, mobile electrical probes able to electrically contact nanometre- scaled objects. Configurations with metal electrodes evaporated on top of multi-, few- and single-wall carbon nanotubes have been studied. Scanning probe manipulation was used to create nano-mechanical switches by first cutting the various tubes, and then mov
Background and purpose: Brachytherapy is sometimes suggested as an adjuvant treatment after surgery of some tumours. When introducing this, it would be useful to have an estimate of the dose distribution to different body sites, both near and distant to target, comparing conventional external irradiation to brachytherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine radiation doses with both meth
Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were determined in Chinese blood donors from the city of Wuhan by a second generation ELISA screening test and a confirmatory recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II). Two materials of 281 and 222 sera were sampled under similar conditions in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The first collection of sera was sent to Sweden in lyophilized form, the second directl
The purpose of the present study was threefold: (a) to replicate the finding by MacLeod and Rutherford (1992) that low trait-anxious individuals, in contrast to high trait-anxious individuals, show a selective attention away from subliminally presented threat words at elevated levels of stress; (b) to test the hypothesis that this effect is due to individuals with repressive coping-style rather th
The response of the glaciation and precipitation of U multi-thermal cumulus cloud to changes in the aerosol concentration has been assessed in a series of sensitivity tests with the UMIST Explicit Microphysics Model (EMM). A simulation of this cloud from the Met Office cloud-resolving model (CRM) has been utilized in these tests. This cumulus cloud was observed h aircraft during the initial stage
A cohesive crack model is used to analyse failure of wood in mode I along the grain. Several configurations of the gradual fracture softening behaviour of an interface, meshed with joint-elements located on the potential crack path, are investigated. Different constitutive laws, obtained from a single normalized polynomial function, are tested in order to estimate the influence of parameters such
När källsorterat matavfall från hushållen rötas i en biogasanläggning av modellen omrörd tank behövs en förbehandling för att göra materialet pumpbart och ta bort orenheter. En typ av förbehandling innebär att avfallet passerar genom en skruvpress som delar avfallet i en pumpbar fraktion och en torr fraktion, så kallat rejekt. På NSR förbehandlas matavfallet med denna teknik och rejektet skickas i
Cooking over open fire with solid fuels results in incomplete combustion and indoor air pollution (IAP) causing respiratory and other diseases leading to nearly two million premature deaths per year. In urban areas, IAP interacts with outdoor pollutants in toxic chemical mixtures affecting also other citizens and damaging regional air quality in terms of 'brown clouds'. Deaths result mainly in wom
We report on the application of polarization spectroscopy in the midinfrared spectral region for the detection of methane by probing its asymmetric ro-vibrational transitions. Tunable infrared laser radiation, near 3.4 mum, was obtained from difference-frequency generation in a LiNbO3 crystal. Infrared polarization spectroscopy (IRPS) spectra of the P, Q and R branches of the nu(3) band, recorded
The tightness and integrity of all Swedish reactor containments depend directly and indirectly on the function of the post-tensioned system. The tendon force in containments with unbonded tendons is followed up at regular in-service inspections (ISI) to ensure that the remaining force is sufficient. At the inspections, the tendon force is measured with so-called lift-off technique, where a jack is
We investigated the wear characteristics and clinical performance of four different total hip joint articulations in 114 patients. Wear and migration was measured by roentgenstereophotogrammetric analysis at five years or at the last follow-up. The mean annual wear was 0.11 mm for a stainless steel/Enduron articulation, 0.34 mm for stainless steel/Hylamer cup, 0.17 mm for zirconium oxide ceramic/E
Ash is produced in combustion of biomass. Sonic part of this matter is called fly ash and is carried by the flow and causes not only air pollution and erosion, but also call affect the thermal radiation. The effects of fly ash particles oil the thermal radiation are considered ill this investigation. By analyzing sampled data in all electrostatic filter, a realistic particle size distribution is f
