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Historical climate changes and hybridization shaped the evolution of Atlantic Forest spinetails (Aves : Furnariidae)

Combining phylogeographic approaches and hybrid zone inference in a single framework is a robust way to depict respectively the biogeographic history of lineages and the evolutionary processes responsible for speciation. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal patterns of diversification and characterize the hybrid zone between two Atlantic Forest spinetails (Synallaxis ruficapilla and Synallaxis cine

Levothyroxine treatment and incident dementia in adults with atrial fibrillation

Objective: Levothyroxine treatment is common among older adults as is atrial fibrillation (AF), yet less is known about its potential effects on the development of dementia. Methods: The study population included all adults with diagnosed AF (n = 156,104) aged ≥ 45 years in Sweden without an earlier recorded diagnosis of dementia. Individuals with a dispensed prescription of levothyroxine on two o

PFE-360-induced LRRK2 inhibition induces reversible, non-adverse renal changes in rats

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no existing therapeutic approach to delay or stop progression. Genetic, biochemical and pre-clinical studies have provided evidence that leucine-rich-repeat-kinase-2 (LRRK2) kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of PD, and small molecule LRRK2 inhibitors represent a novel potential therapeutic approach. Howeve

Parkinson's disease-like burst firing activity in subthalamic nucleus induced by AAV-α-synuclein is normalized by LRRK2 modulation

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects motor function through degenerative processes and synaptic transmission impairments in the basal ganglia. None of the treatments available delays or stops the progression of the disease. While α-synuclein pathological accumulation represents a hallmark of the disease in its idiopathic form, leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is genetically associated with familia

Mitochondria and the Brain : Bioenergetics and Beyond

The view of mitochondria acting solely as a powerhouse of the cell is no longer accurate. Besides cell bioenergetics, primary targets of mitochondrial studies include their interplay with essential processes within the cell, including redox and calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Recent studies evidence the dynamic behavior of mitochondria, continuously moving, fusing, and dividing, and the intera

Turbulent heat transfer characteristics of supercritical n-decane in a vertical tube under various operating pressures

To explore the effect of the operating pressure on the flow and thermal characteristics in a vertical tube with supercritical n-decane, the inner wall temperature along the streamwise direction, the applicability of empirical correlations and buoyancy criteria are studied firstly. The mechanisms in views of density distribution, velocity field, turbulence intensity, the thickness of the thermal bo