The term fragmentation implies that policy domains are marked by a patchwork of public and private institutions that differ in their character, constituencies, spatial scope, subject matter, and objectives. While the degree of fragmentation varies across issue areas and their respective architectures, global climate politics is characterized by an advanced state of institutional diversity. In rece

The Ile148Met (rs738409, G-allele) in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene (PNPLA3) associates with liver fat content and may lead to loss-of-function (hydrolysis) or gain-of-function (CoA-dependent lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase) defects. PNPLA3 is up-regulated by dietary carbohydrates, and interactions between rs738409 and carbohydrates, and sugar and ω6:ω3-poly

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has an established role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. However, costs and potential toxicity associated with iNO have generated interest in alternative inhaled selective pulmonary vasodilators such as iloprost. In a preterm lamb model of respiratory distress syndrome, we studied effects of increasing doses of iloprost followed by iNO on right

Cerebral ischemia is characterized by an early disruption of GABAergic neurotransmission contributing to an imbalance of the excitatory/inhibitory equilibrium and neuronal death, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here we report a downregulation of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) expression, affecting both mRNA and protein levels of GABAAR subunits, in hippocampal neurons subj

INTRODUCTION: Study aim was to find out if patients with Lenke type 1 curve exhibit smaller pedicles and specific pedicle width pattern compared with individuals with no scoliosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 4,828 pedicle width measurements (T1-L5) in 61 consecutive patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of Lenke type 1 curve, 61 control subjects, and 20 patients with Lenke type 5 curve, were

The role of cannabinoids in fatty liver disease has been increasingly acknowledged in recent years, and it has been suggested that drugs targeting peripheral cannabinoid receptors could have therapeutic use. Development of such drugs would require a good understanding of the mechanisms of fat accumulation caused by cannabinoid receptor activation. This review describes in detail the enzymatic step

Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in children, such as frequent snoring, apnoea and choking, may lead to health problems if untreated. The caregiver's level of awareness of these symptoms has been poorly studied. This study aimed to study healthcare provider contact related to sleep-disordered breathing symptoms in a population of children aged 0-11 years.

This article comments on three post-Second-World-War road novels: Kerouac’s On the Road(1957), Robbins’s Even Cowgirls Get the Blues(1976), Atkinson’s Highways and Dance Halls(1995). Framing its perspective within the question of what is involved in creating a 20th-century ‘traveller identity’, it conceptualizes the road in terms of how it historically and generically emerged as a primarily male t

The epidemiological evidence for an obesity-cancer association is solid, whereas the association between obesity-associated lipoprotein levels and cancer is less evident. We investigated circulating levels of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and association to risk of overall cancer and common cancer forms. The Malmö Diet and C

The genetic cause of late-onset focal and segmental dystonia remains unknown in most individuals. Recently, mutations in Thanatos-associated protein domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1 (THAP1) have been described in DYT6 dystonia and associated with some cases of familial and sporadic late-onset dystonia in Caucasians. We are not aware of any previous descriptions of familial dystoni

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) may be viewed as different points on a continuum reflecting the regional burden and distribution of pathology. An important clinical consideration is overlapping Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, since it has been reported that associated AD pathology in DLB shortens survival and leads to a more rapid cognitive decline. We ai

The aim of the paper was to explore the heterogeneity among housing adaptation clients. Cluster analysis was performed using baseline data from applicants in three Swedish municipalities. The analysis identified six main groups: "adults at risk of disability", "young old with disabilities", "well-functioning older adults", "frail older adults", "frail older with moderate cognitive impairments" and

BACKGROUND: Metallic implants, stents, are increasingly being used especially in patients with stenosis of the cardiac vessels. Ten to thirty per cent of the patients suffer from restenosis regardless of aetiology. We have shown increased frequency of contact allergy to stent metals in stented patients. OBJECTIVES: To we evaluate whether contact allergy to stent material is a risk factor for reste

Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder, often associated with a clinically aggressive behavior. No standard treatment has been established, but patients are usually treated with lymphoma-type regimens such as rituximab or combination chemotherapy. Recently, immunotherapies targeting IL-6 have proven effective and have been approved for this indication. H

Lightpath reconfiguration is a networking task that can be performed in order to improve resource utilization. The lightpath reconfiguration problem becomes nontrivial when a new set of lightpaths requires the release of resources previously seized by the (working) lightpaths currently in place, but, in order to ensure continuity of the traffic flow, the working lightpaths cannot be torn down befo