Comments are given on the identity of some populations of allotetraploid Dactylorhiza in southern Norway and their relationships to populations elsewhere in Scandinavia and in continental Europe. The most widespread allotetraploid member of Dactylorhiza in southern Norway is D. majalis ssp. sphagnicola. This subspecies is confined to poor and medium-rich fens dominated by peat mosses, Sphagnum, inComments are given on the identity of some populations of allotetraploid Dactylorhiza in southern Norway and their relationships to populations elsewhere in Scandinavia and in continental Europe. The most widespread allotetraploid member of Dactylorhiza in southern Norway is D. majalis ssp. sphagnicola. This subspecies is confined to poor and medium-rich fens dominated by peat mosses, Sphagnum, in

En eftermiddag i juli 2011 besökte jag yrkesfiskaren Nils i hamnen. Vi talade länge om hur han kommit att börja med yrkesfiske och om hans dröm som nyligen blivit verklighet, att sälja fångsten från en egen fiskvagn i hamnen. Han hade även många idéer om hur fisket kunde utvecklas samtidigt som framtidsbilden var dystopisk. I en ekonomi där yrkesfisket har minskat med åttio procent på nittio år, m

Despite morphological divergence, the two orchid genera Gymnadenia andNigritella are closely related and hybrids are often encountered at places wheremembers of the two genera grow together. On basis of pollination studies, it hasbeen suggested that members of Nigritella should have served as pollen parent tothese hybrids. Hybridization does not go beyond primary hybrid formation, butone of the hy

The orchid Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. has a circumboreal distribution and is widespread in the Nordic countries, especially in the boreal and montane regions. Whereas plants from the lowlands are generally slender and have greenish-yellowish flowers, plants from mountain areas tend to be low-growing with fewer, reddish-brown flowers, leading some authors to recognize the latter as a separate The orchid Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. has a circumboreal distribution and is widespread in the Nordic countries, especially in the boreal and montane regions. Whereas plants from the lowlands are generally slender and have greenish-yellowish flowers, plants from mountain areas tend to be low-growing with fewer, reddish-brown flowers, leading some authors to recognize the latter as a separate

Back pain is the #1 cause of years lived with disability worldwide, yet surprisingly little is known regarding the biology underlying this symptom. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of chronic back pain (CBP). Adults of European ancestry were included from 15 cohorts in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and from th

Populations of Dactylorhiza incarnata (early marsh orchids) with spotted leaves appear in widely separate parts of Europe including Scandinavia and the Baltic area, The Alps, and Britain and Ireland. Forms with spotted leaves have often been segregated as a separate subspecies, D. incarnata subsp. cruenta. Although previous studies have indicated that the taxon is heterogeneous, it is not known hoPopulations of Dactylorhiza incarnata (early marsh orchids) with spotted leaves appear in widely separate parts of Europe including Scandinavia and the Baltic area, the Alps, and Britain and Ireland. Forms with spotted leaves have often been segregated as a separate subspecies, D. incarnata subsp. cruenta. Although previous studies have indicated that the taxon is heterogeneous, it is not known ho

Plastics are efficient materials for many purposes, e.g. packaging and construction, but are also associated with significant problems. These span from littering in forests and oceans, toxicity of additives, to the fundamental dependence on fossil resource for the production of the plastic material. This report aims to give an overview of the challenges for decarbonisation of plastics, i.e. moving

Background: Long-term insulin exposure has been implicated in breast cancer etiology, but epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of insulin therapy with mammographic density (MD) as an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer and to assess associations with long-term elevated circulating insulin levels using a genetic score compris

Background: Individual patients differ in their psychological response when receiving a cancer diagnosis, in this case breast cancer. Given the same disease burden, some patients master the situation well, while others experience a great deal of stress, depression and lowered quality of life. Patients with high psychological resilience are likely to experience fewer stress reactions and better ada

Ultrafast manipulations of magnetic phases are eliciting increasing attention from the scientific community because potentially relevant to the understanding of nonequilibrium phase transitions and to novel technologies. Here, we focus on manipulations applied to magnetic impurities in metallic hosts. By considering small nanoring geometries, we show how currents can induce a dynamical switching b

Rules-based fiscal policy is under threat. Over the last two decades, it proved frustratingly complicated to strike the right balance between three essential properties of sound fiscal policy rules: simplicity, flexibility, and enforceability. Simplicity has been sacrificed to ensure that more contingent (i.e. flexible) rules remained enforceable. The resulting arrangements have failed to adequate

This paper highlights and assesses the importance of the role of economic shrinking for the long-term growth process in the developing world over the period 1951-2016. On the basis of descriptive analysis it shows that resilience to shrinking, even among the miracle economies in Pacific Asia, plays a more important role for successful catching up than economic growth per se. The paper then propose

This article analyses the particular energy transition of the Swedish iron and steel sector (1800- 1939),, a relevant actor in the European context during the nineteenth and twenteenth century. The Swedish iron and steel sector is an interesting case to analyse in the perspective of energy transition and the composition and change of the capital stock (classified by energy technology). An in-depth

Most patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease present with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without pulmonary haemorrhage; however, there are several variants and vigilance is necessary to make a correct diagnosis. Such variants include overlap with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies-associated vasculitis and membranous nephropathy as well as anti-GBM occu

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease, associated with autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal components BP180 and BP230. In this study for the first time different laboratories have analyzed the autoantibody profile in the same group of 49 prospectively recruited BP patients. The results show that: 1) disease severity and activity correlated with levels of IgG again

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a prototype of autoimmune disease. The disease can be transferred with the antibodies and there is a strong correlation with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. The pathogenic epitope on the NC1 domain of the 3-chain of type IV collagen is well characterized and only antibodies against this epitope correlate with disease. The diagnos