This study tests the hypothesis that Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) of lake sediments can be used to infer past changes in tree-line position and total organic carbon (TOC) content of lake water. A training set of 100 lakes from northern Sweden spanning a broad altitudinal and TOC gradient from 0.7 to 14.9 mg/l was used to assess whether vegetation zones and TOC can be modelled fr

Second or higher order probabilities have commonly been viewed with scepticism by those working within the realm of probability and decision theory. The aim of the present note is to show how the notion of second order probabilities can add to our understanding of judgmental and decision processes and how the traditional framework of Bayesian decision theory can be extended in a fruitful way by ta

The chemistry Of HfI4 adsorbed on the Si(100)-(2x1) surface has been studied by core level photoelectron spectroscopy in ultra-high vacuum. Two stable surface intermediates are identified: HfI3 and HfI2, both of which remain upon heating to 690 K. The dissociation of HfI4 is accompanied by the formation of SiI. In addition, HfI4 is Observed up to 300 K. Complete desorption of iodine occurs in the

OBJECTIVE: N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is a selective and powerful organic solvent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the NMP metabolite N-methylsuccinimide (MSI) in plasma and urine can be used as a biomarker of exposure to NMP. METHODS: Six healthy subjects were exposed to 10, 25, and 50 mg NMP/m3 in an exposure chamber for 8 h. The air levels were monitored by XAD-7 solid sorben

During the last two decades, a rapid progress has been made in the development of analytical methods for a fire engineering design of load bearing and separating structures and structural members. Consequently, more and more countries are now permitting a classification of structural members with respect to fire to be formulated analytically as an alternative to the internationally prevalent metho

The orthogonality factor (OF) quantifies the loss of orthogonality between the signals transmitted simultaneously on a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) downlink due to multipath dispersion. It is one of the fundamental parameters that determines the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the output of the Rake receiver and, consequently, it has a significant impact on downlink sy

A previously presented robust and fast diagnostic NOx model was modified into a predictive model. This was done by using simple yet physically based models for fuel injection, ignition delay, premixed heat release rate and diffusion combustion heat release rate. The model can be used both for traditional high-temperature combustion and for high-EGR, low-temperature combustion. It was possible

Here we present the results of a study of the electronic structure using the resonant inelastic scattering process at the F 1s photoabsorption edge in LiF and O 1s edge of MgO crystals. In case of excitations in the sub-threshold region, the Raman-type linear dispersion of X-ray fluorescence peak was observed for the studied compounds. In LiF, the narrowing of the X-ray fluorescence peak is observ

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that spinal alpha1-adrenoceptors can influence voiding in normal rats and in rats with outlet obstruction. Also, at the supraspinal level such receptors may be involved in voiding control. Therefore, we studied in rats the effects on cystometrography of intracerebroventricular administered alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Materials and Methods: Continuous cysto

Dijet events in photon-proton collisions in which there is a large pseudorapidity separation, Deltaeta > 2.5 between the two highest E-T jets are studied with the H1 detector at HERA. The inclusive dijet cross sections are measured as functions of the longitudinal momentum fractions of the proton and photon which participate in the production of the jets, x(p)(jets) and x(gamma)(jets) respectively

Popular Abstract in Swedish Spel om pengar har blivit ett utbrett fenomen i Sverige under 1990-talet, med spelbutiker, spelhörnor i varuhusen, spelmaskiner och spel med kort och på roulette på pubar, pizzerior och restauranger, samt spel på Bingo-Lotto hemma i vardagsrummet. Förutom den ökade tillgången till legala spelformer blir det allt vanligare med spel i miljöer och sammanhang där det inte fGambling has become widely accepted in Sweden during the 1990s, with betting shops, gambling machines and casino-like gambling in pubs and restaurants, as well as Bingo-Lotto in our living rooms. Beyond the expansion in availability of legal gambling opportunities, the most notable change is the shift from gambling in specific venues to gambling in a much wider range of social settings. The conseq

We evaluated the incidence and clinical significance of postfracture shortening of the clavicle in 85 patients. There were 71 mid-clavicular fractures and 14 of the lateral end of the clavicle. 46 fractures were primarily undisplaced and 39 displaced. All fractures were nonoperatively treated with sling immobilization. All patients were reexamined 5 years after the fracture. 35 clavicles had heale