One of the major advantages of carbon cycle data assimilation is the possibility to estimate carbon fluxes with uncertainties in a prognostic mode, that is beyond the time period of carbon dioxide (CO2) observations. The carbon cycle data assimilation system is built around the Biosphere Energy Transfer Hydrology Scheme (BETHY) model, coupled to the atmospheric transport model TM2. It uses about 2

This chapter uses the mass-conservation equations for CO2 and its isotopomers 13CO2 and CO18O that can be used to infer globally biospheric and oceanic net fluxes in the case of 18C, and gross terrestrial biospheric fluxes in the case of 18O. The quantitative use of atmospheric measurements of 13C and 18O in CO2 to better constrain those fluxes requires knowledge of various processes specific to e

The development of human breast cancer is characterized by a variety of genetic alterations, and cytogenetic analyses have documented the consistent involvement of both arms of chromosome I. In the present study, molecular markers detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used in pairwise screening of normal and tumor DNA to determine the frequency of allelic imbalance in breast tum

Fundamental bounds on antenna gain are found via convex optimization of the current density in a prescribed region. Various constraints are considered, including self-resonance and only partial control of the current distribution. Derived formulas are valid for arbitrarily shaped radiators of a given conductivity. All the optimization tasks are reduced to eigenvalue problems, which are solved effi

Meniscal extrusion (ME) in the knee joint is defined as when the peripheral border of the meniscus is substantially located outside the joint margin. Prior studies have reported that ME is associated with meniscal tears, meniscal degeneration, and the presence of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Medial ME of the body of 3 mm or more, as seen on knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a wide acceptance

Transverse momentum (pT) spectra of charged particles at mid-pseudorapidity in Xe–Xe collisions at sNN=5.44TeV measured with the ALICE apparatus at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The kinematic range 0.15

The β-decay rates of 60Ca have been studied within a microscopic model, which is based on the Skyrme interaction T45 to construct single-particle and phonon spaces. We observe a redistribution of the Gamow-Teller strength due to the phonon-phonon coupling, considered in the model. For 60Sc, the spin-parity of the ground state is found to be 1+. We predict that the half-life of 60Ca is 0.3 ms, whil

This thesis consists of four self-contained articles, all of which contribute to the empirical research on credit ratings. Broadly speaking, the first two papers highlight two less ordinary “uses” of credit ratings, in the context of (1) measuring financial constraints and (2) bond market segmentation. The last two papers focus on a relatively new concept in the credit ratings’ literature, specifi

A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vectorlike quarks, TT or BB, that decay into final states with jets and no reconstructed leptons. Jets in the final state are classified using a deep neural network as arising from hadronically decaying W/Z bosons, Higgs bosons, top quarks, or background. The analysis uses data from the ATLAS experiment corresponding to 36.1 fb-1 of proton-pro

Ger en översikt av de kristnas situation i Mellanöstern

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for CHD. Our aim was to test whether the increased CHD incidence by smoking is modified by genetic predisposition to CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our study included 24 443 individuals from the MDCS (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study). A we

Tissue cultures of immortalized human cells, also known as established cell lines, are broadly accessible and cost-efficient tools for biomedical research. We here review potential genetic sources of systematic error in cell line experiments due to clonal evolution in vitro. In particular, the authors highlight alterations in telomere function over prolonged culture and population bottlenecks, res

Purpose: To assess the ability of quantitative pupillometry [using the Neurological Pupil index (NPi)] to predict an unfavorable neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (CA). Methods: We performed a prospective international multicenter study (10 centers) in adult comatose CA patients. Quantitative NPi and standard manual pupillary light reflex (sPLR)—blinded to clinicians and outcome assessors—