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Background: Targeted viral load (VL) testing has been proposed for antiretroviral treatment (ART) monitoring in resource-limited settings. In this study, we have investigated the performance of the host biomarker galectin-9 (Gal-9), alone and in combination with interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), in identifying individuals at increased likelihood of viremia during ART.Setting:Cohort of HIV

Polycrystals illuminated by high-energy X-rays or neutrons produce diffraction patterns in which the measured diffraction peaks encode the individual single crystal strain states. While state of the art X-ray and neutron diffraction approaches can be used to routinely recover per grain mean strain tensors, less work has been produced on the recovery of higher order statistics of the strain distrib

The mechanics of concrete can be understood comprehensively only if its heterogeneous microstructure is considered in experiments and simulations. We combine mesoscale modeling, in-situ X-ray computed tomography imaging, and in-situ 3D X-ray diffraction measurements for one of the first times to investigate the role of heterogeneities on macroscopic and microscopic responses in concrete. The focus

An open source Python package named xrd_simulator, capable of simulating geometrical interactions between a monochromatic X-ray beam and a polycrystalline microstructure, is described and demonstrated. The software can simulate arbitrary intragranular lattice variations of single crystals embedded within a multiphase 3D aggregate by making use of a tetrahedral mesh representation where each elemen

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but there currently exists no effective treatment that can stop nor slow the progression of the disease. The current dogma in the field postulates that the appearance of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, a histopathological hallmark of the disease, is the trigger for downstream, de

The current rate of residential building renovations in Europe is inadequate and attributable to the lack of integrated solutions in the market supported by appropriate business models. One-stop-shop (OSS) offers an innovative business approach, and it is acknowledged by the European Commission, in the Directive 2018/844/EU, as a transparent advisory and facilitating tool for the establishment of

BACKGROUND: What baseline predictors would be involved in mortality in people with primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the baseline characteristics collected at the time of diagnosis of SjS associated with mortality and to identify mortality risk factors for all-cause death and deaths related to systemic SjS activity measured by the ESSDAI score.METHOD

Through stars, the formation and evolution of the Galaxy goes hand-in-hand with the cosmic origin of the elements. As stars form, they carry chemical fingerprints of their birthclouds, providing us with chemical timestamps of the Galaxy.The detailed history of the Galactic disk and bulge is still to be untagled. The same goes for the origin of elements – where some still have elusive origins. Dise

OBJECTIVE: To investigate pain course over time and to identify baseline and 3-month predictors of unacceptable pain with or without low inflammation in early RA.METHODS: A cohort of 275 patients with early RA, recruited in 2012-2016, was investigated and followed for 2 years. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-100 mm). Unacceptable pain was defined as VAS pain >40, and low in

The building sector is responsible for more than 40% of the energy use and 32% of carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (EU). Previous research has shown that the present rate of energy retrofit and refurbishment in Europe is far below (< 50%) than that is required to meet the EU’s building related energy efficiency goals for 2020.Appropriate policy interventions for deep renovation is pe

This paper examines the views of construction SMEs in Sweden regarding innovations, in particular the one-stop-shop business concept, and its adoption for renovation of detached house. The investigation is based on interviews with 10 construction SMEs and by applying a conceptual framework for organisational innovation adoption. The results suggest that, even though the one-stop-shop business conc

Understanding how lifestyles should and could change to meet the terms of the Paris Agreement is the aim of the project ‘EU 1.5° Lifestyles’. It focuses on lifestyle options compatible with a 1.5°C target and explores the structural barriers and enablers to implementing these. Many of these lifestyle options relate to circular strategies such as sharing, reusing and repairing products.However, eve

Based on an online questionnaire survey, this paper analyses the attitude of homeowners in Kronoberg, Sweden towards energy renovation and one-stop shop (OSS) services for the deep renovation of detached houses. Personal and contextual variables have been analysed to know who have renovation plan, what motivates them to renovate and if there is an interest in OSS concept. Results have shown that a

Low dimensional perovskite-inspired materials with self-tapped exciton (STE) emission have stimulated a surge of cutting-edge research in optoelectronics. Despite numerous efforts on developing versatile low-dimensional perovskite-inspired materials with efficient STE emissions, there is little emphasis on the intrinsic dynamics of STE-based broad emission in these materials. Here, we investigated

DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) are easily tunable emitters with intriguing photophysical properties. Here, a DNA-AgNC with dual emission in the red and near-infrared (NIR) regions is presented. Mass spectrometry data showed that two DNA strands stabilize 18 silver atoms with a nanocluster charge of 12+. Besides determining the composition and charge of DNA2[Ag18]12+, steady-state a

Low dimensional lead-free metal halides have become the spotlight of the research on developing multifunctional optoelectronic materials as their properties show a wide range of tunability. However, most reported low dimensional metal halides only function in the ultra-violet to visible range due to their large bandgap. Moreover, the organic cation based low dimensional metal halides show limited