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Entrepreneurial decision making: examining preferences for causal and effectual reasoning in the new venture creation process

A growing body of studies emphasizes the discovery of opportunities and the decision to exploit them as the essence of entrepreneurial activity. Following this stream of research, we present a study of the influence of entrepreneurs’ career experience and career motives on two alternative modes of decision making logic; causation and effectuation. Causal reasoning is a process that rests on logic

“Don’t forget that matrimony is a holy act, even when it is a civil ceremony”: Changes in sexual norms and the conceptualization of gay families in Scandinavia since the 1990s

In 1994, a Swedish marriage registrar motivated his refusal to perform partnership registrations of same-sex couples by referring to matrimony—even non-religious marriage ceremonies—as a holy act. The perception of marriage as sacred and only intended for the union of man and woman was strong in the 1990s, but there seem to have been a rapid shift in the discursive field since then. Between 1989

Flexible qualification – a key to labour law?

This article argues that flexible knowledge (and thus continuous education) has the potential to out-date employment protection versus new forms of works as the touchstone oflabour law discourse in the Knowledge Society. Hitherto labour law discourse has usually focused on labour market segmentation in terms of a core group of permanently employed workers and more peripheral groups of workers in a

The Shannon bit error limit for linear coded modulation

We find the Shannon limit to bit error rate (BER) as a function of E_b/N_0 for linear coded modulations. Error performance of TCM and other schemes can be compared to this curve. As the bandwidth of the signals in Hz-s/data bit drops, capacity becomes sensitive to the stopband spectrum, and the limit moves strongly away from the BER of practical systems when the stopband rolloff is not severe.