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To provide a basis for the interpretation of past climatic conditions from Quaternary leaf records, leaf carbon isotope (delta C-13) results are presented for 12 northern European dwarf-shrub, shrub and tree species growing across a network of 18 sites in northern Scandinavia. The role of micro-habitat (hummock/hollow) on carbon isotope trends is explored in addition to a comparison of the carbon

Using a simple hydrophobic/polar protein model, we perform a Monte Carlo study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of binding to a target structure for two closely related sequences, one of which has a unique folded state while the other is unstructured. We obtain significant differences in their binding behavior. The stable sequence has rigid docking as its preferred binding mode, while the unstru

Experimental stroke increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ) in the adult mammalian brain. This study examined the effects of postischemic voluntary exercise (running wheel) and environmental enrichment on the SVZ and SGZ 1 week after focal cortical ischemia in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. Immunohistoch

Commercial aircrafts need a high degree of fire protection for passenger safety. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), may be used for this purpose. Because PBDEs readily absorb to dust particles, aircraft crew and passengers may receive significant PBDEs exposure via inhalation. The aims of this work were to assess whether PBDEs could be found in ai

Nuclear spin relaxation is a powerful method for studying molecular dynamics at atomic resolution. Recent methods development in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy has enabled detailed investigations of molecular dynamics that are critical for biological function, with prominent examples addressing allostery, enzyme catalysis, and protein folding. Dynamic processes with similar correlation times are of

Preferences of six collembolans for eight species of microfungi grown in soil have been investigated. Collembolans (Folsomia fimetaria, Isotoma anglicana, Isotama notabilis, Heteromurus nitidus, Protaphorura armata, Pseudosinella alba) and microfungi where chosen for the experiment on the basis of their abundance and vertical distribution in an organically grown field where all organisms and soil

Plasmodium falciparum invades erythrocytes through multiple ligand-receptor interactions, with redundancies in each pathway. One such alternate pathway is the trypsin-resistant pathway that enables P. falciparum to invade trypsin-treated erythrocytes. Previous studies have shown that this trypsin-resistant pathway is dependent on glycophorin B, as P. falciparum strains invade trypsin-digested glyc

We use randomness to exploit the potential sparsity of the Boolean matrix product in order to speed up the computation of the product. Our new fast output-sensitive algorithm for Boolean matrix product and its witnesses is randomized and provides the Boolean product and its witnesses almost certainly. Its worst-case time performance is expressed in terms of the input size and the number of non-zer

In this investigation, we have collected family-structured data from a partly self-compatible, outcrossing population of Brassica cretica to estimate and compare the effects of one-generation selfing on different types of characters. Inbreeding not only depressed characters that should be positively correlated with fitness irrespective of habitat, e.g. germinability, leaf number and inflorescence

Differential measurements of elliptic flow (v(2)) for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV are used to test and validate predictions from perfect fluid hydrodynamics for scaling of v(2) with eccentricity, system size, and transverse kinetic energy (KET). For KET equivalent to m(T)-m up to similar to 1 GeV the scaling is compatible with hydrodynamic expansion of a thermalized fluid. For

The native bee fauna provides an important ecosystem function, but a large proportion of this fauna in Europe is threatened as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation. The solitary bee Andrena hattorfiana is specialised on collecting pollen from the plant-family Dipsacaceae. In northern Europe the major pollen resource is the insect-pollinated herb Knautia arvensis. We quantified the available

Edge diffraction call be a major source of high radar visibility for integrated array antennas. In this paper, it is shown that tapered resistive sheets at the edges of the array can be used to transform the scattering properties of the antenna to that of a metallic plate and hence reduce the radar cross section. Numerical examples of kill array of self-complementary patches and a, bandpass freque

Adenoviral vector-mediated treatment is a potential therapy for tumors of the central nervous system. To obtain a significant therapeutic effect by adenoviral vectors, a sufficient infection is required, the power of which depends predominantly on the level of Coxsackie adenovirus receptors. We stained surgical biopsies of central nervous system tumors and neuroblastomas for Coxsackie adenovirus r

This article investigates the importance of using draft curtains to obtain faster sprinkler activation with three different models-two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (CFX 4.4 and fire dynamics simulator (FDS) 4.07) and a zone model (Argos) containing a ceiling-jet formula - for an actual scenario in an entertainment center in Denmark. It is found that a draft curtain has some effect on

The present study sets out to investigate the sensitivity of water availability to climate change for a large western Himalayan river (the Satluj River basin with an area of 22 275 km(2) and elevation range of 500 to 7000 m), which receives contributions from rain, snow and glacier melt runoff. About 65% of the basin area is covered with snow during winter, which reduces to about 11% after the abl

Loss of immune function and an increased incidence of myeloid leukemia are two of the most clinically significant consequences of aging of the hematopoietic system. To better understand the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic aging, we evaluated the cell intrinsic functional and molecular properties of highly purified long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) from young and old mice. We found t

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel antimuscarinic agent, Lu 25-109, a partial M1 receptor agonist, and M2/M3 receptor antagonist in human and pig detrusor to establish its affinity for muscarinic receptors in human detrusor and parotid gland and to compare the results with those obtained with oxybutynin. Effects on the detrusor were determined as regards the ability to in

Two patients with long-term (35 years) survival on hemodialysis are described. Kidney replacement therapy for these patients was initiated by a pioneer in hemodialysis, Nils Alwall, in 1968 and 1971, respectively. Kidney transplantation was attempted twice in both patients; however, the dialysis-free interval was less than 18 months in both patients. These patients represent two of the longest kno