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Finland has had a steep decline in fertility since 2010, which has yet to show any signs of slowing down. This is highly problematic for a country like Finland which has had well below replacement level fertility over the past five decades. This study analysed previous studies and theories related to fertility, primarily in the Finnish and Nordic contexts. Moreover the author performed his own eco

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur gymnasielärare använder ljudboken för svenskundervisningen samt att ta reda på vilka möjligheter och utmaningar dessa lärare ser med ljudboken. För att uppnå syftet och besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra svensklärare, där de fick beskriva och diskutera hur de arbetar med ljudböcker i svenskundThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate how high school teachers use the audiobook for Swedish teaching and to find out what opportunities and challenges these teachers see with the audiobook. To achieve the purpose and answer the questions, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Swedish teachers, where they were allowed to describe and discuss how they work with audi

As commodities are becoming more popular and accessible assets for speculative and hedging purposes, the limited research regarding risk management for said asset-class justifies further contribution to the deficient output. Many previous studies have highlighted the extraordinary high volatility, with non-linear and clustering characteristics associated with commodities. Hence, incorporating vola

Surrogatarrangemang är processen där en kvinna upplåter sin kropp och blir gravid med avsikten att lämna över barnet till de tilltänkta föräldrarna. Primärt omfattar arrangemanget en surrogatmoder, tilltänkta föräldrar och ett barn. Syftet med följande uppsats har varit att hitta fall av rättighetskonkurrens inom surrogatarrangemang. Eftersom rättigheter ska vara universella och lika mycket värda

Inequalities among individuals can arise from different amounts of efforts and abilities or from circumstances that go beyond the control of the individual; opposite ethical and economical conclusions arise from these differences but the literature on inequality has often overlooked the issue. This thesis focuses on the concept of inequality of opportunity in its acceptation of intergenerational t

This research contributes to the ongoing debate on whether women's education and fertility are inversely related. It is seen that during the premodern era, the number of children born per woman was high and the only thing that kept population growth low was the high death rate. However, the modernization of societies resulted in a reduction in the number of births per woman. Hence the causes o

Singapore has remarkably transformed from a small and poor Southeast Asian island into an affluent global city-state today. However, in contemporary times, the distribution of the gains from the nation’s progress and prosperity has been increasingly unequal. An understanding of the extent of income inequality is imperative to reassess the current policies and resource allocation decisions. The aim

This paper investigates the relationship between transaction premiums paid within M&A and the managerial overconfidence of the acquiring companies. As an additional dimension, the effect of the acquiring firm’s commitment to social responsibility on its overconfidence within an M&A setting is examined. Besides the dyadic relation of deal premiums and managerial overconfidence, the objectiv

The aim is to conceptualize and develop the understanding of interprofessional teams, team dynamics and job rotation to gain more nuanced knowledge about the phenomenon by answering the following research questions: How can team dynamics be understood in interprofessional health care teams? How is team dynamics affected by job rotations in interprofessional health care teams? This research is an

The present study examines the discussions about alliance policy in the Swedish council of the realm 1680-1683. Taking issue with earlier research that has portrayed the Swedish foreign policy during this period in realist terms, the study instead uses the concepts of friendship, status and sovereignty to give context to the arguments used by the council when discussing alliance partners. Regardin

Evidence is indicating that human activity within the Anthropocene, the proposed geological epoch of the current time, are causing extraction of natural resources and land, terraforming, climate change and mass extinction of species (Anthropocene: The Human Epoch, 2018). The identified environmental pressure will continue to grow as the global population is expected to reach 11 billion before the

Purpose: The main purpose of our study is to gain a deeper understanding of middle managers' sensemaking in organizational change initiatives. This involves the exploration of how middle managers interpret their role in the course of the initiative and act accordingly. Beyond that, we aim to discover how top management can influence middle managers' sensemaking, but also which other factor

The 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People’s Army (FARC-EP) is said to be the most inclusive peace deal in history. This study explores how feminist organisations for peace view and acted on the peace accord, the changed gender discourse, and its current implementation. By drawing on literature on women’s participation in peace p

Syfte: Arbetet går ut på att undersöka den sociala kompetensen hos projektledare, med hjälp av en modell som innefattar nio sociala egenskaper, och är en adaption från en liknande studie som gjordes i Kina. Resultatet i enkäten kommer att jämföras med den studie av kinesiska och australienska studenter, och den teoretiska aspekten av social kompetens för att bedöma projektledarnas sociala kompete

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly. It is beginning to appear in personal life, business sectors, society, and shows impacts on each these contexts. The purpose of this study is to increase our understanding of how narrow AI could potentially affect the way we will organise. To fulfil this purpose, the Four Frames was used to collect and analyse recent publications for insights over

Sen urminnes tider har mjölksyrebakterier traditionellt sett används till fermentering för att addera karaktäristiska egenskaper och förlänga hållbarheten hos matprodukter. Enligt världshälsoorganisationen WHO är probiotika ’levande mikroorganismer som, när de intas i lämplig mängd, utövar hälsofördelar hos värden’. Probiotiska bakterier kan främja tarmfloran genom att konkurrera ut skadliga bakteAlthough lactic acid bacteria have been traditionally used in food applications for long, the idea of using probiotics as a dietary supplement is relatively new. The probiotic strains used in the collaboration company’s products are freeze-dried before added to their formulations. The stability of the probiotic cultures is assessed in studies which often require long storage times before showing r

A map is a combinatorial presentation of map objects and labels providing users with sufficient and useful information. Text placement is the most time-consuming and cumbersome work in a map production process, and many methods have been proposed to automate this process. However, text placement evaluation lacks exploration, especially when artificial intelligence (AI) methods are experiencing pro

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of climate change perceptions across Europe, focusing on how political orientation and human values affect attribution- and trend belief, perceived impacts of climate change and climate concern. Previous studies in this field of research have ignored the risk of reverse causality, which is addressed in this paper by conducting the epidemiologica

Trafikverket har tillsammans med andra aktörer inom bygg- och anläggningssektorn bland annat satt upp som mål att utsläpp av växthusgaser ska minskas med 50 % år 2030 jämfört med år 2015. I anläggningsprojekt utgör transport av schaktmassor den största delen av utsläppen. Ofta är dessutom hanteringen av massor ineffektiv då även rena massor som hade kunnat återanvändas transporteras till deponi.

Standardmodellen (SM) ̈ar det närmaste vi kommit en theory of everything. Den beskriver individuella partikelinteraktioner perfekt, gjorde vid dess formulering nya förutsägelser ochhar konsekvent visats ha rätt. Den är även usel. Trots att SM perfekt beskriver individuella partikelinteraktioner så stämmer modellens universella förutsägelser inte ̈överens med verkligheten. Den kan inte förklara vThe general Z2-violating two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) is analysed as an explanation for the discrepancy between Standard Model predictions and experimental measurements of the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment ∆aµ, with the condition that it does not provide an electron electric dipole moment |eEDM| larger than experimental bounds. Several point studies of individual 2HDM parameter space poi