We describe how an arousal system that controls the levels of awareness can be implemented in a robot. The different levels of awareness correspond to different states of consciousness and we argue that an artificial arousal system modeled after its biological counterpart has a useful function in controlling the cognitive processing of a brain-like cognitive architecture. The level of awareness de

Hybridization among naturally separate taxa is increasing owing to human impact, and can result in taxon loss. Previous classification of anthropogenic hybridization has largely ignored the case of bimodal hybrid zones, in which hybrids commonly mate with parental species, resulting in many backcrossed individuals with a small proportion of introgressed genome. Genetic markers can be used to detec

Endohedral fullerenes, such as Dy2ScN@C80, are single-molecule magnets with long relaxation times of their magnetization. An open and anisotropic 4f electron shell in the lanthanides (here Dy) imposes a magnetic moment that maintains its orientation at liquid-helium temperatures for macroscopic times. If these molecules shall be used as single-bit information storage elements or for quantum operat

Results of dedicated Monte Carlo simulations of beam-induced background (BIB) in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented and compared with data recorded in 2012. During normal physics operation this background arises mainly from scattering of the 4 TeV protons on residual gas in the beam pipe. Methods of reconstructing the BIB signals in the ATLAS detector, developed

The selection pressures that drive flight feather morphology are poorly understood. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach and data from 178 species of birds, we investigated whether both position along the wing length and flight feather length affected vane structure. We found that barb density was lower on distal primaries than on proximal primaries of the leading feather vane. In contrast, oThe selection pressures that drive flight feather morphology are poorly understood. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach and data from 178 species of birds, we investigated whether both position along the wing length and flight feather length affected vane structure. We found that barb density was lower on distal primaries than on proximal primaries of the leading feather vane. In contrast, o

This work evaluates the performance and emissions of the series hybrid vehicle concept powered by a gasoline partially premixed internal combustion engine. To do so, experimental data was collected from a Volvo VED-D4 Euro 6 four-cylinder compression ignition engine running under gasoline partially premixed combustion. Two series hybrid vehicle models were developed in GT-Power®, which were fed wi

A novel optical design for a flexible SAXS beamline at a modern synchrotron has been implemented for the CoSAXS beamline at the 3GeV ring at the MAX TV Laboratory. The performance of the beamline has been simulated through combined ray tracing and wave propagation with the code xrt taking into account the low emittance and highly coherent beam of MAX TV and the short inter-optics distances of the

Measurements with a Diamond XBPM were carried out at the MAX IV Laboratory, Lund, Sweden, at the NanoMAX beam line. This was the first investigation of a Diamond XBPM detector with nanometre beams. The effect of diffusion, as well as the position resolution at the smallest available beam sizes were studied.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between maternal selenium (Se) status and child neurodevelopment has been scarcely assessed. In a previous study we observed an inverse U-shaped association between maternal Se concentrations and infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age. In this study, this non-linear association was explored at preschool age. The effect modification by breastfeeding, child's sex an

A field experiment was carried out to explore the possibilities of planting halophytes on salt-affected land with saline water irrigation. The changes in the salinity of the soil profile, the survival rate and growth conditions as well as the salt tolerance were investigated over a five-year period after the planting of halophyte shrubs and arbours. The results show that halophytes can assimilate

The study of the interaction between music and language is a small but rather active branch of musicology and linguistics. The two disciplines seldom meet. In this study we add a linguistic approach to our ethnomusicological knowledge. The cultural setting under study is Kammu, an Austroasiatic language spoken mainly in Laos. Kammu is a tone language where each syllable has a tone, either High or

4H-4a,9-Methanoazuleno[5,6-d]-1,3-dioxole, octahydro-2,2,5,8,8,9a-hexamethyl-, (4aR,5R,7aS,9R) (CAS # 211299-54-6) was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from 4H-4a,9-methanoazuleno[5,6-d]-1,3-dioxole, octahydro-2,2,5,8,8,9a-hexamethyl-, (4aR,5R,7

Tissue factor (TF) expressed at the protein level includes two isoforms: The membrane‑bound full‑length TF (flTF) and the soluble alternatively spliced TF (asTF). flTF is the major thrombogenic form of TF, whereas asTF is more closely associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell growth. In order to further investigate the different expression and functions of TF splice variants,

For many insects, celestial compass cues play an important role in keeping track of their directional headings. One well-investigated group of celestial orientating insects are the African ball-rolling dung beetles. After finding a dung pile, these insects detach a piece, form it into a ball and roll it away along a straight path while facing backwards. A brain region, termed the central complex,