Aim: The hormone osteocalcin influenced neurodevelopment and cognition in mice models; this human study explored potential associations between total serum levels in human infants and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age. Methods: The data were based on two Swedish birth cohorts from 2008 to 2009. We followed 158 healthy full-term vaginal births (51% girls) by measuring serum osteocalcin in cord blo

BACKGROUND: Globally, violence disproportionately affects young people, leading to injury, hospitalisation, death, social dysfunction, and poor mental wellbeing. Moreover, it has far-reaching economic consequences for whole nations, due to loss of productivity. Research suggests that attaining a higher level of education promotes factors that insulate youths from poverty and violence.PURPOSE: In t

Potato pulp is a low value agricultural side stream with great valorisation potential as prebiotic food ingredient. An interesting functionality different from other prebiotics is its high water holding capacity (WHC). This study aims at exploring the relationship between physical and enzymatic modifications in the potato pulp and its WHC. Different temperature treatments and storage conditions we

We report results indicating that job turnover is not countercyclical in general but rather reflects the inability of smooth labor adjustment through the use of temporary employment contracts. Service establishments with a high share of temporary employment exhibit acyclical job reallocation, while only permanent jobs within manufacturing are found to be countercyclical.

The over-arching aim of the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) of genetic resources is to enable fair distribution of benefits between the users (such as universities and biotech companies) and providers (such as biodiversity rich countries) so as to both open the doors for innovation and create incentives for biodiversity conservation. Access to genetic resources is crucial for research related to

In recent years, climate change and the corresponding expected extreme weather conditions have been widelyrecognized as potential problems. The construction industry is taking various actions to achieve sustainabledevelopment, implement energy conservation strategies, and provide climate change mitigation. In addition tomitigation, it is crucial to adapt to climate change, and to investigate the p

When developing reliable and useful models for selective laser melting processes of large parts, various simplifications are necessary to achieve computationally efficient simulations. Due to the complex processes taking place during the manufacturing of such parts, especially the material and heat source models influence the simulation results. If accurate predictions of residual stresses and def

Syftet med forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling är att vidareutveckla tillgänglighetsområdet i riktning mot en större perspektivrikedom. Avhandlingen baseras på kulturhistorisk aktivitetsteori (CHAT). Den analyserar en systemisk helhet utifrån sådana mänskliga, artefaktuella och naturliga faktorer som påverkar en individs handlingsmöjligheter i konkreta situationer.Avhandlingen har två h

Background: Skin cancer incidence is rapidly increasing. The main risk factor, sun exposure, can be modified. Informational campaigns can be effective in raising skin cancer awareness and target the high-risk population. Still, sun exposure habits in people at high risk of skin cancer are not well-known.Objective: To investigate if and how sun exposure habits differ between low-risk and high-risk

Artificial football turf is today an increasingly common playing surface for athletics and kids. Its environmental impact is much debated, which is ranked as the second most common source of micro-plastic migration into nature. There are also concerns regarding the spread of inhalable airborne particles, originating from the wear between the football shoe-artificial turf contact. In this study a B

The tiny contact zone (approximately 1 cm2) where steel wheel meets steel rail is fundamental to rail transport. This work is a comprehensive presentation of recent research in wheel-rail contact tribology. It stresses that, unlike gears or rolling bearings which are sealed contacts with reduced exposure to the surrounding environment, a wheel-rail contact is an open system that is exposed to dirt

The tribology of an open system at temperatures ranging between 3 °C and -35 °C, with and without snow, was investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer mounted in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber. The relationship between the microstructure and ductility of the materials and the tribology at the contacting surfaces was investigated. The study shows that during continuous sliding, pre

In this work, online spontaneous Raman spectroscopy was applied to study the soot inception and growth zones of a low pressure premixed ethylene/oxygen flame. Firstly, we measured online Raman spectrum of aerosol soot extracted from the flame. The spectrum was compared to ex situ Raman measurements of the same soot after being deposited on a window. In the aerosol soot particles, the presence of a

Climate change has led to an increase in heavy summer rainfalls, and climate projections for Sweden indicate that there will be more sudden rainfall in the future. While the exact locations and time for this rainfall are unknown, it is known that there will be damages to buildings, cars, and people when the rainfall occurs. It is thus important to evaluate past events to understand the resulting fClimate change has led to an increase in heavy summer rainfalls, and climate projections for Sweden indicate that there will be more sudden rainfall in the future. While the exact locations and time for this rainfall are unknown, it is known that there will be damages to buildings, cars, and people when the rainfall occurs. It is thus important to evaluate past events to understand the resulting f

The semiconductor technology has enabled the fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs), which may include billions of transistors and can contain all necessary electronic circuitry for a complete system, so-called System-on-Chip (SOC). In order to handle design complexity and to meet short time-to-market requirements, it is increasingly common to make use of a modular design approach where an SOC i

The learning curve during repetitive production and the associated forgetting during production breaks are fundamental issues in the understanding of behavior. A model is suggested that combines 3 basic findings, namely, that single memory traces decay according to a power function of the retention interval, that aggregated memory traces can be combined by integration, and that the time to produce

Besides neuroanatomical changes, neuromodulatory mechanisms are also compromised during aging. Neural network models are suitable tools for exploring the relatively broad and homogenous neuromodulatory influences on cortical function. Computational approaches for understanding neuromodulation of the dynamic properties of cortical function and recent neurocomputational theories relating different a