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Some aspects on the use of light for tissue characterization and treatment of malignant tumours are discussed within this thesis. The work presented aims at improving optical techniques for tissue characterization, especially to detect malignant and pre-malignant lesions. A knowledge on the interaction between light and tissue is of utmost importance to understand and improve the various technique
This doctoral dissertation was driven by an inspiration to study how employees behave toward each other from an interactive perspective where all members of an organization are considered active contributors. Employeeship holds this perspective and acknowledges the importance of productive relationships. The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the conceptual and methodological devel
The anatomy, function and plasticity of the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL), of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria was investigated using a number of neuroanatomical and neurophysiological methods. Anatomical characterisation of the AL in a number of orthopteran species made it possible to deduce a model concerning the evolution of microglomeruli. These neuropil structures, c
This thesis deals with single-electron tunneling in transistor-like devices in which the central electrode is either a metal nanoparticle (possibly ferromagnetic) or a molecular magnet. The investigated systems split into two different categories, depending on the size of the central island. The smaller islands, such as ultrasmall magnetic metal nanoparticles and Mn12 molecular magnets, are studie
Dwarf males occur in many unrelated groups of organisms. Among land plants they are unique to mosses. Moss dwarf males originate from male spores that land and germinate on the female where their final size is restricted to a few mm. Fertilization in mosses occur over short distances with swimming spermatozoids. Having the males growing as tiny epiphytes on the females facilitates fertilization, a
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem that can affect plants and microorganisms, which are vital for the terrestrial N and carbon (C) cycles. This thesis has investigated the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to increased N deposition. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic interactions with the roots of woody plants, including almost all boreal and temperate forests
Normal urine storage and bladder emptying are controlled by the central (CNS) as well as the peripheral nervous system. Dysfunction of these mechanisms can lead to urinary incontinence. Urinary tract dysfunctions have symptomatically been treated mainly with drugs acting peripherally. However, in the CNS, drug targets for pharmacological intervention may be found. The present study deals with effe
Many ecosystems have historically been disturbed, either naturally or as part of a cultural management. Due to loss of species as a result of too little disturbance, disturbance must be considered as a potential tool for conservation and restoration in various ecosystems. In this thesis work, disturbance effects on a grassland system were studied. The studied grassland had traditionally been sever
The overarching purpose of this thesis was to investigate if different helping effects can be specifically linked to different psychological mechanisms. Helping effects (i.e. the when of helping) refer to situational differences that can increase or decrease the probability of helping. The three helping effects in focus in this thesis, were (1) the identifiable victim effect (the tendency to be
Background: Treatment of primary breast cancer is individualised and adjuvant systemic treatment is delivered to most patients after surgery. Oestrogen receptor (ER) status and progesterone receptor status (PR) can define patients who would benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen (TAM) alone or as chemo-endocrine therapy. In spite of adjuvant treatment with TAM, some patients with h
Under istider, när stora mängder havsvatten var bundet i inlandsisar, var den globala havsnivån lägre än idag och stora delar av kontinentalsockeln torrlagd. Den senaste istiden (cirka 115 000–12 000 år sedan) var inget undantag, då torrlagda områden utvecklades till ekologiskt rika kustområden som möjliggjorde människans spridning över världen. När inlandsisarna smältesteg havsnivån och dessa lanDuring times of lower global sea level, vast areas of the coastal shelf were exposed and converted into ecologically diverse coastal landscapes that wereattractive for human occupation. The landscapes were subsequently flooded during the deglaciation, but well-preserved remains of these landscapes andtheir inhabitants can today be found on the seafloor. In the southern Baltic Basin, where the comp
The procurement process can be defined as all the activities required in getting a product or a service from the supplier to a final destination. It encompasses the purchasing function, storing, transportation and manages the relations between suppliers and internal customers. It is a cyclical process involving the following activities: analysis, planning, implementation, and measurement. The perf
The continual increase in incidence of cancer has created an urgent need for improved methods for diagnosis, prognosis and/or treatment. In this context, the field of biomarker research has expanded immensely during the last few years. This thesis, based on four original papers, revolves around protein biomarker discovery in cancer. For this purpose, an in-house design recombinant antibody microar
Bärighetsmätningar är avgörande för att bedöma vägars kapacitet att hantera ökande trafikbelastningar. Enligt Trafikverket förväntas en ökning av personbilar med 27%, bussar med 17% och godstransporter med 46% fram till år 2040. Denna prognostiserade tillväxt leder till ökat vägslitage vilket i sin tur kräver mer omfattande underhåll och komplexare åtgärder i högtrafikerade områden. Traditionellt
Hur mycket information bör noterade bolag offentliggöra? Det är en fråga som har diskuterats tidigare, men som har blivit aktuell på nytt med noteringsaktens (förordning (EU) 2024/2809) ikraftträdande i december 2024. Den här uppsatsen riktar in sig på noteringsaktens regeländringar avseende kraven på offentliggörande av insiderinformation, med särskilt fokus på utvidgade undantag för offentliggörHow much information should be disclosed by listed companies? This is a question that has been discussed previously, but which has become relevant again with the entry into force of the Listing Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2809) in December 2024. This thesis focuses on the regulatory changes introduced by the Listing Act regarding the requirements for disclosure of inside information, with particular
Galectins are small soluble proteins defined by a conserved sequence motif that forms a defining β-galactoside binding site shared among galectins; adjacent binding sites give each galectin a unique fine specificity for a specific subset of galactose containing glycans. A wealth of data now suggests important roles of galectins in both cancer and inflammation. The aim of this project is to get a c
Importance: Preterm birth has been associated with cardiometabolic, respiratory, and neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. However, the prevalence of survival without any major comorbidities is unknown. Objective: To determine the prevalence of survival without major comorbidities in adulthood among persons born preterm vs full-term. Design, Setting, and Participants: National cohort study of a
Background: Young people's daily lives and social interactions changed remarkably during the COVID-19 pandemic as schools and cinemas closed, leisure activities were cancelled, and gatherings were regulated. Questions have been raised by the media, schools, policy makers, and research communities about the effect on young people's online behaviors. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to st
This thesis presents the work on the design of, construction of, and finally observations with, an experimental setup comprising a small telescope equipped with adaptive optics. The facility has been assembled at Lund Observatory, where also observations on the sky have been made. The aim of this project was to gain hands-on knowledge in the development of a real adaptive optics system and eventua
