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Ett stödbrev utfärdas vanligen av ett moderbolag till en koncernextern part. Stödbrevet uttrycker ett visst stöd för ett dotterbolag i koncernen som den koncernexterna parten har ingått eller skall ingå avtal med. Stödbrevet är en kompromisslösning mellan parter som inte kan enas om vilken typ av säkerhet som måste ställas för att det bakomliggande avtalsförhållandet skall inledas eller fortskridaThe standard letter of comfort is issued by a parent company for the benefit of its subsidiary or affiliated company, to an external contracting party that has entered, or is about to enter, into agreement with the subsidiary or affiliate. The letter of comfort expresses a certain level of support from the issuer, should the subsidiary or affiliate be unable to perform in accordance with its agree

Det finns inga internationella åtaganden som innebär en skyldighet för Sverige att ge parter i tvistemål tillgång till en prövning av en andra instans. Dock ska parter enligt Europakonventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna tillförsäkras en rätt till domstolsprövning och en rättssäker process. En möjlighet till överprövning av den första instansens avgöran

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Att ha tillgång till höjddata av hög kvalitet är viktigt. Enligt klimat och sårbarhetsutredningen är det bl.a. viktigt att kunna göra bra hydrologiska modeller för att kunna beräkna översvämningsrisker, eller risken för ras och skred p.g.a. framtida klimatförändringar. Flera av dessa analyser anses vara av nationellt intresse. Utredningen slår också fast att den

Performance measurement system, especially the Balanced Score Card (BSC) is gaining increasing popularity among various kinds of organizations, especially these years more and more non-profit organizations such as: schools, hospitals, labor unions, etc., are putting emphasis on the implementation of performance measure system to improve their practice. It was demonstrated that a great amount of ac

Objectives: To explore how quality of life (QoL) and quality of care (QoC) for people with dementia (PwD) vary across 8 European countries; to explore how QoL and QoC for PwD vary across living arrangements; and to assess the association between QoL and QoC. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Institutional long term care and home care in 8 European countries (England, Estonia, Finland, Franc

Different lifestyle patterns across Europe may influence plasma concentrations of B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolites and their relation to chronic disease. Comparison of published data on one-carbon metabolites in Western European regions is difficult due to differences in sampling procedures and analytical methods between studies. The present study aimed, to compare plasma concentrations of on

Data on allergic conditions as risk or protective factors for cancer are controversial probably because most studies have used self-reported data on mixed groups of allergies in a case-control setting. We define cancer risks in medically diagnosed hay fever/allergic rhinitis patients in a nationwide cohort study. A total of 138,723 hay fever/allergic rhinitis patients were identified from three Sw

Bark beetle population dynamics is thought to be primarily driven by bottom-up forces affecting insect performance and host tree resistance. Although there are theoretical predictions and empirical evidences that predation and parasitism may play an important role in driving bark beetle population fluctuations, long-term studies testing the role of both biotic and abiotic controls on population dy

BACKGROUND: Little is known about whether the four main manifestations of arterial vascular disease (coronary heart disease=CHD, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease=PAD, and aortic (i.e. atherosclerosis/aneurysm) disease=AD) share familial susceptibility. The aim of this nationwide study was to determine the familial risks of concordant (same disease in proband and exposed relative) and dis

Introduction: Graves´ disease (GD) is the predominant cause of hyperthyroidism. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs (ATD), surgery, and radioactive iodine ablation (RI). Although thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) are prevalent in patients with GD, their role in driving relapse or hypothyroidism after treatment in patients with GD remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if pat

The myth of the user - a study of the user discourse and its visionaries This study is a discourse analysis of the visions that implicitly are expressed in different texts about user-centered library theory. Several other studies have analyzed the discourse and conceptualization of how the user is expressed in the library debate. Therefore we have chosen to analyze the visions that are expressed