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It is a widely recognised problem that witnesses are silenced by threat or violence. A number of Nordic countries have therefore chosen to allow anonymous testimony under certain circumstances. The question is if permitting anonymous witnesses are compatible with the principle of the defence, which is governed by the Code of Judicial Procedure and article 6 ECHR that provides right to fair trial.
Contributor to climate change, cities are the major responsible for a great amount of natural resource consumption and global waste production as a consequence of the ”take, make, dispose" aspects of our linear economic model. In face of this issue, Circular Economy (CE) is a new concept that seeks to decouple economic growth from the consumption of finite resources by shifting the linear eco
Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic tool for many diseases of the CNS. Lentiviral vectors are particularly attractive since this vector type can transduce both dividing and non-dividing cells, have a relatively large cloning capacity, can sustain long-term transgene expression and have low immunogenicity. The specificity of the vector is however important to avoid potential off-target effects
Morphogens such as Hedghog, Wnt, FGF, and retinoic acid are important signals whose concentrations need to be tightly regulated in the vertebrate embryo to ensure body axis development and formation of the central nervous system. We first show that the intracellular cytoplasmic protein XSufu acts as a dual regulator of Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt signals during neural induction and patterning in the Xen
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited heart disease, transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, i.e. 50% risk for transmission of the disease-causing mutation to each child of the affected family. Previous studies reveal a high risk for HCM related cardiac events including sudden cardiac death (SCD) during childhood, with a peak incidence of up to 10% during th
Transplantation of vital organs is today a widely used treatment when failure of the organ is a fact. To prevent rejection immunosuppresive treatment must be maintained lifelong, unless transplantation is perfomed between identical twins. Many immunosuppresive agents introduced in clinical practice have been benificial in improving graft survival rates, but adverse effects remains a huge problem t
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome to a localized or systemic infection that leads to the over production of proinflammatory cytokines and the ultimate failure of multiple organ systems. However, little is known about the potential role of Rac1 in controlling sepsis-induced intracellular signaling pathways. We hypothesized that Rac1 might be involved in sepsis mediated signaling p
Three different methods for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics modeling of non-premixed ignition and combustion using tabulated chemistry have been developed. All methods make use of flamelet libraries, where the flamelet auto-ignition process is parameterized using a progress variable. The progress variable parameterization of the auto-ignition chemistry allows for using
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood formation that originates with the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), a cell type that is responsible for the life-long supply of mature blood cells. HSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew as well as giving rise to differentiated cells of all blood lineages. Because of these features, HSCs are also the basis for bone marrow transplantation regimens for tr
The road to maturity – how do hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into mature blood cells? The pathways of lineage commitment during normal hematopoiesis are of great significance in order to understand the underlying events that lead to leukemia, and to the design of proper treatments for prevention and remission of the disease. The route of hematopoiesis can be thought of as a hierarchi
Industrial companies supply products intended to satisfy customers’ needs and requirements. To be competitive and to maintain good economic performance, efficient systems are needed to communicate information and exchange knowledge. Such systems are often referred to as quality systems as they intend to support development as well as standardized work regarding the quality of the product and incre
The availability of short-pulse, high-intensity lasers has opened doors to new areas in atomic and plasma physics. The short pulses (a few femtoseconds), that are available today, enable unprecedented temporal measurements, while the high peak power accessible (several terawatts) allows physicists to study the interaction between light and relativistic plasmas. The aim of this work was twofold: i)
This thesis consists of three distinct articles that can be read separately. Each one has been awarded a chapter of its own. The independence of these chapters should not be taken as meaning that they are unrelated. Besides belonging all to the subfield of macroeconomics, they share the common feature of being inherently economic policy oriented. The title of the first article is "Fiscal Policy a
Smooth muscles are components of several physiologically important organs and often involved in disease. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by variations in intracellular [Ca2+]; increased levels activate the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) which phosphorylates myosin and initiates contraction. Myosin phosphatase (MLCP) dephosphorylates myosin and promotes relaxation. Several cellular signali
This thesis aims at shedding light on three important issues related to intra-industry trade (IIT); the relevance of demand patterns, horizontal versus vertical IIT, and the measurement of IIT. Chapter two analyses IIT between high and low-income countries, and uses a theoretical model that explains the exchange of similar products of different qualities. We are particularly interested in the rol
This work addresses the phenomenon of long-term, so-called ‘independent’ travelling, or backpacking, often to destinations described as the ‘third world’. It regards backpacker journeys as arenas for identity work, for expressing individuality and a ‘strong character’. Rather than merely being a parenthetic detour in time and space a backpacker’s trip to the tropics can be understood as a creative
The expression of surface adhesion molecules on white blood cells (WBC) and platelets, and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after incubation with expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)- or woven Dacron grafts was determined. Both graft-materials induced alteration of the WBC adhesion molecule receptor and caused release of TNF-a and IL-6, higher for wov
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor deficits. Levodopa treatment provides marked symptomatic relief. However, within 5-10 years after the start of Levodopa treatment, most PD patients display a gradual loss of drug efficacy. Importantly, the neuropathology of PD is dominated by a marked loss of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra.
Is it possible to understand a society and a certain place that is long since gone? The aim of this thesis is to study and analyse a historic period and its people through the remains of their material culture, the social relations and how these were materialized in an urban setting. The main subject of the empirical study, the medieval episcopal town of Linköping, has shifted out-look, function a
The over-arching objectives of this thesis were to formulate a method to describe the consequences of traffic casualties, and to explain the influence of different traffic engineering factors on these consequences for society and individuals over time. A more detailed objective was to examine whether available short-term indicators can be used to predict consequences in a long-term perspective. Ot
