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Pancreatic islets are complex micro-organs consisting of at least three different cell types: glucagon-secreting alpha, insulin-producing beta and somatostatin-releasing delta cells. Somatostatin is a powerful paracrine inhibitor of insulin and glucagon secretion. In diabetes, increased somatostatinergic signalling leads to defective counter-regulatory glucagon secretion. This increases the risk o
Progresses in reconstructing Earth's history of biomass burning has motivated the development of a modern charcoal dataset covering the last decades through a community-based initiative called the Global Modern Charcoal Dataset (GMCD). As the frequency, intensity and spatial scale of fires are predicted to increase regionally and globally in conjunction with changing climate, anthropogenic activit
Antibodies play a key role in acquired human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and target merozoites to reduce or prevent blood-stage replication and the development of disease. Merozoites present a complex array of antigens to the immune system, and currently, there is only a partial understanding of the targets of protective antibodies and how responses to different antigens are acq
Background: Every fifth patient undergoing left pancreatectomy develops a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Accurate POPF risk prediction could help. Two independent preoperative prediction models have been developed and externally validated: DISPAIR and D-FRS. The aim of this study was to validate, compare, and possibly update the models. Methods: Patients from nine high-volume pancreatic
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, particularly infection by strains without the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) virulence factor. Non-O blood type is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and H. pylori gastric colonization occurs largely from bacterial adhesins binding to blood group antigens on gastric mucosa.METHODS: We included 485 pan
BACKGROUND: Risk of bias (RoB) assessment is an essential part of systematic reviews that requires reading and understanding each eligible trial and RoB tools. RoB assessment is subject to human error and is time-consuming. Machine learning-based tools have been developed to automate RoB assessment using simple models trained on limited corpuses. ChatGPT is a conversational agent based on a large
Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this work was to examine the impact of hypoglycaemia on daily functioning among adults with type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, using the novel Hypo-METRICS app. Methods: For 70 consecutive days, 594 adults (type 1 diabetes, n=274; type 2 diabetes, n=320) completed brief morning and evening Hypo-METRICS ‘check-ins’ about their experienced hypoglycaemia a
BackgroundNon-coding genetic variants that influence gene transcription in pancreatic islets play a major role in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and likely also contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk. For many loci, however, the mechanisms through which non-coding variants influence diabetes susceptibility are unknown.ResultsWe examine splicing QTLs (sQTLs) in pancreatic islets fro
In addition to their hemostatic role, platelets play a significant role in immunity. Once activated, platelets release extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the budding of their cytoplasmic membranes. Because of their heterogeneity, platelet EVs (PEVs) are thought to perform diverse functions. It is unknown, however, whether the proteasome is transferred from platelets to PEVs or whether its func
A quarter of ischaemic strokes are lacunar subtype, typically neurologically mild, usually resulting from intrinsic cerebral small vessel pathology, with risk factor profiles and outcome rates differing from other stroke subtypes. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist with clinical decisions about management of lacunar ischaemic stroke
Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) is a renewable diesel fuel used to replace petroleum diesel. The organic compounds in HVO are poorly characterized; therefore, toxicological properties could be different from petroleum diesel exhaust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure and effective biomarkers in 18 individuals after short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust and petroleum diesel exh
BackgroundRecovery colleges were developed in England to support the recovery of individuals who have mental health symptoms or mental illness. They have been founded in many countries but there has been little international research on recovery colleges and no studies investigating their staffing, fidelity, or costs. We aimed to characterise recovery colleges internationally, to understand organi
We present new maps of the Milky Way disk showing the distribution of metallicity ([Fe/H]), α-element abundances ([Mg/Fe]), and stellar age, using a sample of 66,496 red giant stars from the final data release (DR17) of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. We measure radial and vertical gradients, quantify the distribution functions for age and metallicity, and explor
Introduction: Reporting of hypoglycaemia and its impact in clinical studies is often retrospective and subject to recall bias. We developed the Hypo-METRICS app to measure the daily physical, psychological, and social impact of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in real-time using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). To help assess its utility, we aimed to de
The Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness Collaboration has derived an equation using age and mean blood pressure to estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), which predicted cardiovascular events independently of Systematic COoronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and Framingham Risk Score. The study aim was to investigate the independent association between ePWV and clinical outcomes in 107 599 apparentl
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda rättsläget för barn som häktas och därefter diskutera hur det förhåller sig till barns särskilda skyddsvärde i straff- och straffprocessrätten. Jag diskuterar och reflekterar även över lagstiftningens eventuella brister, behov av förändring och förbättring samt hur förändringar och förbättringar i sådana fall skulle kunna te sig lämpliga utifrån ett barnrättsThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the legal position for children being detained and discussing how that relates to children’s particular protective value in penalty- and criminal procedure law. I am also discussing and reflecting on the legislation’s eventual flaws, need of change and improvement and how changes and improvements in those cases could be appropriate from a perspective of
Människohandel för sexuella ändamål är ett komplext fenomen och ett globalt problem som både berör och upprör. Människohandel är gärningar som syftar till ett efterföljande utnyttjande av offret och ett brott där skyddssyftet är personlig frihet och frid. Det är också ett sammansatt problem, det vill säga att det innefattar bland annat brott mot mänskliga rättigheter, organiserad brottslighet, migHuman trafficking for sexual purposes is a complex phenomenon and a global problem that upsets. Human trafficking is an acts aimed to subsequent exploit the victim and a crime which aim the protection of personal liberty and peace. It is also a complex problem, that includes human rights violations, organized crime, migration, gender, poverty and social, economic and political differences between
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ur ett civilrättsligt perspektiv undersöka hur de svenska civilrättsliga reglerna skyddar någon som riskerar att utsättas för barn- och tvångsäktenskap, samt olika myndigheters agerande och förhållningssätt när de möter någon som befinner sig i riskzonen för påtvingade äktenskap. En stor del av de äktenskap som ingås mot någons vilja berör parter som bor i oli
Att Söka efter Higgs-Bosonen Den dittills oupptäckta Higgs-bosonen upptäcktes förra året på CERN i Schweiz. Denna partikel har en central roll i partikelfysiken, och var därför oerhört viktig att upptäcka. Då den lever väldigt kort tid går den inte att detektera direkt. Detta arbete söker finna massan hos Higgs-bosonen, och använder sig då av fallet då den sönderfaller till fyra myoner. Higgs-bosoAbstract Within the Standard Model of particle physics, there was only one undiscovered fundamental particle. This was the Higgs boson. In July 2012, the announcement was made that a Higgs like particle had been discovered by the ATLAS Collaboration and the CMS Collaboration at CERN. The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis was to use data collected by the ATLAS detector facility to estimate the mass of
