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While the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) is fundamental to insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, its dynamic spatial organization in the plasma membrane (PM) is unclear. Here, using multicolor TIRF microscopy in transfected adipose cells, we demonstrate that insulin regulates not only the exocytosis of GLUT4 storage vesicles but also PM distribution of GLUT4 itself. In the basal state, domains (clu

Insulin regulates cellular glucose uptake by changing the amount of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) in the plasma membrane through stimulation of GLUT4 exocytosis. However, how the particular trafficking, tethering, and fusion steps are regulated by insulin is still debated. In a 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, the Exocyst complex and its Exo70 subunit were shown to critically affect GLUT4 exocytosis. H

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Several studies have suggested that large fat cells are less responsive to insulin than small fat cells. However, in these studies, large fat cells from obese individuals were compared with smaller fat cells from leaner participants, in effect making it impossible to draw conclusions about whether there is a causal relationship between fat cell size and insulin sensitivity. We hyp

Adipocytes provide an organism with fuel in times of caloric deficit, and are an important type of endocrine cell in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In addition, as a lipid-sink, adipocytes serve an equally important role in the protection of organs from the damaging effects of ectopic lipid deposition. For the organism, it is of vital importance to maintain adipocyte viability, yet the

B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins are the main regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins possess a hydrophobic tail-anchor enabling them to translocate to their target membrane and to shift into an active conformation where they inhibit pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to ensure cell survival. To address the unknown molecular basis of their cell-protecting functionality, we

Adipocytes are primary targets for insulin control of metabolism. The activated insulin receptor phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), which acts as a docking protein for downstream signal mediators. In the absence of insulin stimulation, IRS1 in rat adipocytes is intracellular but in human adipocytes IRS1 is constitutively targeted to the plasma membrane. Stimulation of adipocytes w

Semiconductor materials (e.g., conjugated polymers, metal halide perovskites) have been widely used in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Organic conjugated systems have high mechanical flexibility and low costs for production. Metal halide perovskites have the advantage of strong light absorption, long charge-carrier diffusion lengths, and low intrinsic surface recombination.

I artikeln integreras begreppet insidesaktivism med det bredare begreppet rent-seeking och insikter i hur transaktionskostnaderna är avgörande för hur produktion organiseras. Ansatsen är att förstå vilken roll insidesaktivismen spelar för produktionens organisering. För att uppnå detta konstrueras en modell över produktionens organisering som utgår från konsumenten som avgörande aktör och där insi

Background: The Hawthorne Effect is the change in behaviour by subjects due to their awareness of being observed and is evident in both research and clinical settings as a result of various forms of observation. When the Hawthorne effect exists, it is short-lived, and likely leads to increased productivity, compliance, or adherence to standard protocols. This study is a qualitative component of an

In temperate and boreal climates, trees synchronise their annual growth cycles with seasonal changes in daylength and temperature. Understanding how environmental cues regulate tree phenology is important to our ability to capture the potential responses of trees to climate change, with implications for forest productivity.In this thesis, we demonstrated that different research methods can be appl

Background: Despite EU regulatory standards, many workers suffer injury as a result of working with hand-held vibrating tools. Our aim of this study was to confirm whether carpenters, a highly exposed group, suffer more injuries to their hands than painters, a group assumed to be less exposed to vibration. Methods: 193 carpenters (participation rate 100%) and 72 painters (participation rate 67%),

Background: The mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterise metabolic signatures of greater body size and to investigate their association with two obesity-related malignancies, endometrial and colorectal cancers, and with weight loss within the context of an intervention study. Methods: Targeted mass spectrometry metabolomics

Most macromolecular antimicrobials are ionic and thus lack miscibility/compatibility with nonionic substrate materials. In this context, nonionic hyperbranched polyesters (HBPs) with indole or isatin functionality were rationally designed, synthesized, and characterized. Antimicrobial disk diffusion assay indicated that these HBPs showed significant antibacterial activity against 8 human pathogeni

The structures of glycoside hydrolase family 17 (GH17) catalytic modules from modular proteins in the ndvB loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Glt1), P. putida (Glt3) and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (previously B. japonicum) (Glt20) were modeled to shed light on reported differences between these homologous transglycosylases concerning substrate size, preferred cleavage site (from reducing end (Glt2

Default is as old as sovereign debt. Since 1820, countries that issued sovereign debt have spent 18% of time in a state of default. Despite the scale of the problem, the causes and consequences of defaults are still imperfectly understood. In this paper we quantify the aggregate cost of defaults, based on a large panel of 50 sovereigns between 1870 and 2010. Since defaults are endogenous to the bu

This paper tests if a strong labor movement leads to fewer industrial conflicts. The focus is on Sweden between the first general election in 1919 and the famous Saltsjöbaden Agreement in 1938, a formative period when the country transitioned from fierce labor conflicts to a state of industrial peace. Using panel data techniques to analyze more than 2,000 strikes in 103 Swedish towns, we find that

Introduction: Although figure skating attracts several hundred thousand participants worldwide, there is little knowledge about physical health and sports injuries among young skaters. The present study aimed to describe the health status of a geographically defined Swedish population of licensed competitive figure skaters and to examine injury determinants. Methods: All licensed competitive skat

To examine prevalence of verbal, physical and sexual abuses in young elite athletes, a cross sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted during the World Athletics under 20 World Championships. This questionnaire aimed at distinguishing between abuses perpetrated in the context of Athletics from those which were unrelated to Athletics. Four hundred and eighty athletes (52.3%, male) from Nor