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Popular Abstract in English This thesis is concerned with the efficient generation of ultra-short light pulses, far beyond the visible spectral range. Such light pulses can reach durations below 100 attoseconds, where one attosecond is one billionth of a billionth of a second. Why do we want to generate such extreme light pulses? Our knowledge of basic processes in physics and chemistry is to a High-order harmonic generation (HHG) provides the basis for attosecond light sources delivering coherent pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral region. Such light sources are employed for a variety of applications within imaging, attosecond spectroscopy, and high-precision frequency metrology. However, the rather low efficiency of the HHG process, which implies a limited pulse energy and repet

Varicose veins (VVs) have been associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), but whether these diseases share familial susceptibility has not been determined. This nationwide study aimed to determine whether VTE shares familial susceptibility with VVs.

Objective To investigate whether head-perineum distance (HPD) measured by transperineal ultrasound is predictive of vaginal delivery and time remaining in labor in nulliparous women with prolonged first stage of labor and to compare the predictive value with that of angle of progression (AoP). Methods This was a prospective observational study at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway and Addenbroo

Chlorosomes are light-harvesting antennae that enable exceptionally efficient light energy capture and excitation transfer. They are found in certain photosynthetic bacteria, some of which live in extremely low-light environments. In this work, chlorosomes from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum were studied by coherent electronic two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy. Previously unchara

The nanoindentation response of empty viral capsids is modeled using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Simulation with two different geometries, spherical and icosahedral, is performed using the finite element code Abaqus. The capsids are modeled as nonlinear Hookean elastic, and both small and large deformation analysis is performed. The Young's modulus is determined by calibrating the f

Popular Abstract in Swedish Frisöryrket har en lång historia av stolta yrkesutövare, men frisörer arbetar i en komplex arbetsmiljö, där de utsätts för olika risker, inte bara luftvägsbesvär, utan även handeksem, muskelrelaterade besvär, stress, och ögonbesvär. I Sverige är 85 - 90 % av frisörerna kvinnor, varav de flesta är egenföretagare antingen som ensamägare till en salong eller tillsammans meLittle is known of respiratory symptoms in female hairdressers, and of the impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), nor of knowledge of their own views on preventive work. The aim of this thesis was to examine the occurrence of asthma, symptoms and mechanism of bleaching-associated nasal symptoms, the effects on HRQoL and how young hairdressers reason about the work environment. A m

En studie har gjorts av samtliga exjobb om 3D-fastigheter och ägarlägenheter gjorda sedan slutet av 1990-talet. Ämnet har lockat 135 exjobbare på 17 olika universitet och högskolor i Sverige. De två nya rättsobjekten passar utmärkt för studier inom rättsvetenskap, fastighetsvetenskap, fysisk planering och andra ingenjörsämnen, ekonomi mm. Kunskap finns tillgänglig, i exjobben och hos alla dessa ny

This essay attempts at a general understanding of contemporary capitalism and some of its social and mental consequences. It works through combinations and variations of concepts from classical and contemporary social theory. Some key concepts are Mammonism, acceleration, ubiquity, self-dynamics, precariat, inertia, conformity, flexibility, specter of uselessness. The text refers to classical mode

Background: Lung densitometry is an effective method to assess overall progression of emphysema, but generally the location of the progression is not estimated. We hypothesized that progression of emphysema is the result of extension from affected areas toward less affected areas in the lung. To test this hypothesis, a method was developed to assess emphysema severity at different levels in the lu

In public debate the crisis of the eurozone has been laid on the footstep of imprudent government finance. This paper argues that the depth and longevity of the crisis instead is due to ‘asymmetric trends’ that are inherent in the eurozone. We show this, first, by a test of the ‘one-size-fits-all’ ECB monetary policy. The results provide an estimate of how ECB at the same time fuelled some ‘bubble

Background : Legal empowerment of the poor is highly relevant to public health as it aims to relieve income poverty, a main determinant of health. The Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor (CLEP) has proposed legal empowerment measures in the following four domains: access to justice and the rule of law, property, labor, and business rights. Despite being overrepresented among the poor, CLEP

The primary hydroxyl groups in potato starch were selectively oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde and carboxylic acid functionalities by mediators like TEMPO, using laccase from fungi as catalytic oxidant and oxygen as the primary oxidant. Oxidized starch products with degree of substitution (DS(CHO) ranging from 0.16 to 16.4/100AGU and DS(COOH) from 0.01 to 3.71 carboxyl groups/100AGU) were ob

Abstract is not available

Background and Objective: Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant primary brain tumor. It has no border but at best a marginal zone, however, invisible to the surgeon. An optical touch pointer (OTP) enabling differentiation of healthy and tumor tissue by means of fiber-optic fluorescence spectroscopy has been developed. In combination with an ultrasonic navigation system, the OTP may be used

Abstract is not available

In this contribution I want to discuss three phenomena, where effects of fluctuations are very important, multiplicity distributions, diffractive excitation, and nucleus collisions.

Background: Mental disorders, especially depression, have been increasingly described as a growing burden to global public health. This description is, however, not without controversy, and some scholars are skeptical of how, for instance, depression is viewed as an increasing widespread ill health problem. Discussion: While public health medicine has long engaged in strategies of disease prevent