Background: The Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) was developed in response to the difficulties of observing and quantifying freezing of gait (FOG) clinically as well as in laboratory settings. However, as the FOGQ is a clinician-administered patient-reported rating scale it cannot be used in postal surveys. Here we report the development and measurement properties of a self-administered versi

There is a paucity of studies assessing changes in measures of human neurotransmission during stressful events, such as surgery. Thirty-five patients without any neurological disorders undergoing knee replacements with spinal bupivacaine anaesthesia and propofol sedation had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drawn from a spinal catheter before, three hours after and the morning after surgery. The CSF conc

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a fatal cancer, accounting for 3-5% of all diagnosed cancers. Finding the primary site is important for therapeutic choices and we believe that the organ which is designated as the cause of death may give clues about the primary site. Methods: A total of 20,570 patients with CUP were identified from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Causes of death

Modelling of the ultrafiltration process is crucial for effective optimization of full-scale modules, and considerable effort has been devoted to describing the permeate flux during ultrafiltration. Many models use a detailed description of the mass transport and are thus valuable for the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of ultrafiltration. However, for the prediction of the flux in mul

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is studying the physics of strongly interacting matter, and in particular the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), using proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus, planned for installation in the second long LH

A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1). Decays of CP-even h bosons to tau tau or bb pairs with the Z boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are conside

The critical shortage of surgeons in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) prevents adequate responses to surgical needs, but the factors that affect surgeon migration have remained incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to examine the importance of personal, professional, and infrastructural factors on surgeon migration from LMICs to the United States. We hypothesized that th

The Zumaya section, northern Spain, is a suitable candidate to define the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Selandian Stage (Palaeocene) because of its excellent accessibility, exposure and stratigraphic continuity. Uncertainties exist, however, with regard to the stratigraphic horizon where to place the Danian/Selandian (D/S) boundary. Five potential stratigraphic horizons (

The majority of human embryonic stem cell lines depend on a feeder cell layer for continuous growth in vitro, so that they can remain in an undifferentiated state. Limited knowledge is available concerning the molecular mechanisms that underlie the capacity of feeder cells to support both the proliferation and pluripotency of these cells. Importantly, feeder cells generally lose their capacity to

Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a distressing condition, particularly in severe cases (>= 3 wet nights/week). A prevalent pathophysiological mechanism, especially in monosymptomatic PNE (PMNE), is commonly believed to be an insufficient increase in night-time release of antidiuretic hormone. Desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone, has been shown to reduce the number of wet

The phase behavior of systems containing minimum amounts of sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate with equimolar ratio of tetra ethyl ammonium chloride were studied as a function of salt concentration and alkane carbon number at ambient temperature. Visual inspection as well as cross polarizers were used to detect anisotropy. Solubilization ratios for oil and brine in the middle phases were mea

Endotoxin exposure is a significant concern in agricultural environments due to relatively high exposure levels. The goals of this study were to determine patterns of 3-hydroxy fatty acid (3-OHFA) distribution in dusts from four types of agricultural environments (dairy, cattle feedlot, grain elevator, and corn farm) and to evaluate correlations between the results of gas chromatography/mass spect

Context: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and diffusion-weighted MRI emerged as promising tests in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and they show encouraging results. Objective: This review emphasizes different functional MRI techniques in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and includes information about th

Close-in planets are in jeopardy, as their host stars evolve off the main sequence (MS) to the subgiant and red giant phases. In this paper, we explore the influences of the stellar mass (in the range 1.5-2M similar to), mass-loss prescription, planet mass (from Neptune up to 10 Jupiter masses), and eccentricity on the orbital evolution of planets as their parent stars evolve to become subgiants a

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potently augment insulin response to glucose. It is less known what their effects are insulin clearance, which also contributes to peripheral hyperinsulinemia observed after administration of incretins together with glucose. The aims of this study were the quantification of C-peptide secretion and the evaluation

Lead has negative effect on cognitive functions in children. However, individuals differ in susceptibility. One possible explanation is a genetic predisposition. Polymorphisms in the B-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes may modify lead metabolism and neurotoxicity, but information regarding the central nervous system is very limited. The aim of the study

Several notions of a R&D paradox can be found in the literature. In the Swedish Paradox version, the emphasis is normally on high and growing levels of business R&D connected to comparatively low GDP growth rates. This paper examines whether this pattern is consistent over time and, more importantly, which sectors drive the aggregate patterns. Based on an investigation of the entire Swedis

To estimate the effects of smoking, gender and occupational exposure on the risk of developing severe pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including dose-response and interaction effects.