Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) induces an inflammatory response by recognition of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, mainly present in prokaryotic DNA. So far, TLR9-deficient mice have been shown to be more sensitive than wild-type mice to viral, but not to bacterial infections. Here, we show that mice deficient in TLR9 but not in TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 or IL-1R/IL-18R are more susceptible to a respi

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the frequency of autopsy-proven venous thromboembolism within a defined region and evaluate if certain risk groups not earlier recognized could be found. The incidence of objectively diagnosed venous thromboembolism was also calculated. SETTING: The city of Malmo, Sweden, with 230,000 inhabitants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Analysis of 2,356 autopsies for the year 1987 of deceased

Purpose: The aim of this work is to examine the relationship between aspects of objective and perceived housing and aspects of healthy aging, defined as independence in daily activities and subjective wellbeing. Furthermore, this research examined the comparability of relationships between housing and healthy aging in the five European countries. Design and Methods: Data were drawn from the ENABLE

BACKGROUND Linomide, Figure 1, produces robust and consistent in vivo growth inhibition of prostate cancer models via its anti-angiogenic activity and inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis models of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS clinical trials were discontinued because of unacceptable toxicity, due to dose-dependent induction of proinflammation. METHODS Therefore, linomide analogs were initia

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of upright posture compared with supine position on the dominant atrial cycle length (DACL) in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. DESIGN: The power/frequency spectrum of QRST suppressed lead V1 ECG was studied in 14 patients in the supine position and during the head up tilt table test. The DACL changes were compared with changes in heart rate and blood

Whole cells of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus AR-199, induced for beta-galactosidase activity, were used for the synthesis of 1-hexyl-beta-D-galactoside and 1-octyl-beta-D-galactoside, respectively, by transglycosylation reaction between lactose and the corresponding alcohol acceptor. The product yield was strongly influenced by the initial water content in the reaction mixture. Water content

BACKGROUND: The in vitro contracture test (IVCT) is the golden standard to diagnose malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). A high reproducibility is important for a high validity of a test. METHODS: We have therefore analyzed IVCT in 838 patients, investigated in two laboratories. Each halothane and caffeine test was performed in two muscle strips. The test results were analyzed with respect

Zinc-positive neurons and terminals, known to be associated with the glutamatergic projections in the brain, can be demonstrated by the histochemical Timm method and later modifications thereof. The adult rat neocortex contain a uniform lamination of zinc-positive cells with specific projections to, e.g., the striatum. We have previously reported that fetal neocortical grafts implanted in the adul

Introduction: Transplanted islets, being avascular and denervated, receive blood vessels and nerves from the recipient. Reinnervation may account in part for the normalization of islet function in islet transplants. Whether reinnervation is possible to augment is not known. Aims and Methodology: To explore whether reinnervation of transplanted islets is augmented by local addition of growth factor

Background: The proteome of the serine protease prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its enzymatic properties have been clarified only recently. We have developed a specific and sensitive method for the measurement of active PSA and used it to measure proPSA in blood. Methods: We used the synthetic peptide KGISSQY, which possesses a PSA-specific cleavage site, as substrate. To ascertain the specifi

Galectins form a family of structurally related carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) that have been identified in a large variety of metazoan phyla. They are involved in many biological processes such as morphogenesis, control of cell death, immunological response, and cancer. To elucidate the evolutionary history of galectins and galectin-like proteins in chordates, we have exploited three ind

An air sampling method for the determination of isocyanates. aminoisocyanates and amines formed during the thermal degradation Of polyurethane (PUR) is presented. The method is based on the collection of air samples using impinger flasks containing di-n-butylamine (DBA) in toluene with a glass fibre filter in series. Isocyanates are derivatized with DBA to urea derivatives, and amines are derivati

A method was developed for the determination of benzene in urine. The sample was pumped through the donor channel of a membrane extraction unit with a micro-porous membrane, separating the donor channel from an identical acceptor channel purged with nitrogen. The analyte reached the acceptor channel by diffusion through the membrane and was then swept by the carrier to a solid sorbent tube, where

We report on the technique and results of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in children with obstructive jaundice. Three patients aged 8 - 15 years were treated, two of them for a benign and one for a malignant stricture. Endoscopic treatment was not possible and all the PTBD procedures were done under general anaesthesia. One of the children was treated with external-internal drai

In this paper, tonogenesis in the four languages Northern Kammu, Blang, Hu and U is analyzed. For comparison, register development in Lamet is treated as well. All these languages belong to the Palaungic and Kammuic branches of the Mon-Khmer division of the Austroasiatic language family and are fairly closely related, but they have developed tone or register systems independently of each other. Th

Moving hybrid zones are receiving increasing attention. However, so far little is known about the proximate mechanisms underlying these movements. Signalling behaviour, by individuals engaged in interspecific sexual and aggressive interactions, may play a crucial role. In this study, we investigated song variation within a moving hybrid zone between two warblers, Hippolais polyglotta and H. icteri

Translocation of STIM1 and STIM2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane is a key step in store-operated calcium entry in the cell. We show by isothermal titration calorimetry that calmodulin binds in a calcium-dependent manner to the polybasic C-termini of STIM1 and STIM2, a region critical for their translocation to the plasma membrane ( K D

During formation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, proteins are synthesized for storage in granules. Whereas sorting of proteins into distinct subtypes of cytoplasmic granules may reflect the coordinated expression of the proteins contained in them, still the mechanism(s) for the retrieval of proteins from the constitutive secretion is unknown. To investigate the mechanisms of retrieval, nonmyeloi