Objective: we analysed outcome after hip fracture with respect to gender and cognitive function. Design: population-based, prospective cohort study. Setting: four university hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects: a total of 2,134 consecutive patients admitted with hip fracture during 2003. Methods: gender differences in residence, walking ability and activity of daily living (ADL) were analysed

Leptin, a hormone produced and secreted by adipose tissue, muscles and stomach, is involved in the regulation of adipose tissue mass, food intake and body weight in neonatal animals. It is also produced in the mammary glands and secreted into the colostrum and milk. Since leptin receptors are widely distributed in the small intestine mucosa, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effe

The retro-aldol reductive fragmentation of different structural types of 7-hydroxy-9,10-dioxotaxoids was investigated, showing that the reaction is typical of taxanes and requires cerium(III) promotion with NaBH4 in protic medium and alkylboron (aluminium) hydrides in aprotic solvents. The resulting 7,8-seco-taxanes are key intermediates for the synthesis of a novel class of anticancer taxanes end

This article outlines an experimental and numerical study of basic creep in High Performance Concrete. About 100 cylinders (studies of creep and shrinkage) and 400 cubes (for studies of hydration, internal relative humidity, and strength) were tested. The ambient climate was held constant at 20°C. One concrete was studied at other temperatures between -20°C and 60°C. Analyses were carried out of q

Both environmental and genetic factors can dramatically affect reproductive performance in mice. In this study we have focused on the identification of genetic regions, quantitative trait loci (QTL), which affect the breeding capacity of female mice. We have identified polymorphic microsatellite markers for the mouse strains used and performed a genomewide scan on 237 females from a gene-segregati

Treatment of the electronically unsaturated cluster Os-3(CO)(8)(mu(3)-eta(2)-Ph2PCH2P(Ph)C6H4)(mu-H) (1) with benzothiophene in refluxing m-xylene afforded Os-3(CO)(7)(mu-PPh2)(mu-PMePh)(mu(3)-eta(2)-C6H4) (2), Os-3(CO)(7)(mu(3)-eta(2)-PPh(C6H4)CH2PPh)(mu(3)-eta(3)-SC8H5)(mu-H) (3), and Os-3(CO)(8)(mu-CO)(mu(3)-eta(2)-PPh(C6H4)CH2PPh) (4). Thermolysis of 1 in refluxing toluene for 35 h afforded on

BACKGROUND: The pancreas is the main target of the trophic effect of cholecystokinin (CCK), with a transient increase in cell proliferation and persistent effect on DNA content and weight gain when given continuously. Whether CCK exerts similar effects on the liver and biliary tract is not known. Most studies on this subject have hitherto been done in the rat. The aim of the present experiments wa

Common European tree species ( oak, ash, beech, birch, lime and spruce) planted in adjacent stands on six sites were compared in terms of macronutrient concentrations in foliar and stem wood ( including bark) biomass. The nutrient concentrations in both biomass compartments were much more dependent on species than on site although soil conditions differed between the sites. Differences between spe

Mucosal pathogens trigger a local innate host response by activating epithelial cells. Bacterial adherence and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling have been implicated as key events in this process. This study addressed the molecular basis of the epithelial response to gram-negative infection in the human urinary tract. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from kidneys, ureters, and bladders of patien

Films of a commercial poly (ether urethane), Pellethane 2363-80AE, were prepared through solvent casting from dimethyl formamide. The films were grafted with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) by a two-step procedure. In the first step, the film surfaces were treated with hexamethylene diisocyanate in toluene in the presence of triethylamine as a catalyst. In the second step, PEG 1500 was allowed to rea

The strategies of development in rural territories in the provinces of Jujuy, Misiones and Salta in Argentina provide the objects of study in this analysis. These three cases reveal that there has been a process of consolidation of grass-roots organization since 1990, which seems to have strengthened the historically marginalized sectors of the population. New kinds of relationships between the st

Ecotoxicological endpoints based on behavioral traits (e.g., predator avoidance, feeding, and locomotion) may be more sensitive and give more insights into patterns of sublethal toxicity than survivorship tests. In this study, the density-dependent grazing rate of Daphnia pulex pre-exposed to p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (insecticide metabolite) and glyphosate (herbicide), via water

OBJECTIVE: The influence of the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not been clearly elucidated. This study was undertaken to see if patients with IBS have an imbalance in their normal colonic flora, as some bacterial taxa are more prone to gas production than others. We also wanted to study whether the flora could be altered by exogenous supplement

A numerical scheme based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method for predicting the displacement of one liquid by another has been verified versus electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and ultrasonic velocity profile (UVP) measurements for the displacement of yoghurt by water. The scheme using the VOF method predicts the skewed phase distribution as measured using ERT and the global structure of the

We demonstrate an easy and practical method for the thickness analysis of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) that can be applied continuously during the preparation procedure. Fingerprints in the spot intensity spectra in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) allow for the exact determination of the number of layers for the first three graphene layers. The LEED data have been correlated with the ele

The majority of genetic studies of colorectal carcinogenesis have focused on changes found in primary tumors. Despite the fact that liver metastases are a leading cause of colorectal cancer deaths, the molecular genetic basis of the advanced disease stages remains poorly understood. We performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on 17 liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas and compared

Atmospheric aerosol particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key elements of the hydrological cycle and climate. We have measured and characterized CCN at water vapor supersaturations in the range of S=0.10-0.82% in pristine tropical rainforest air during the AMAZE-08 campaign in central Amazonia. The effective hygroscopicity parameters describing the influence of chemical composit

Objective: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation of fetal lung fluid absorption in near-term guinea pig fetuses involves bumetanide-sensitive ion transport. Study design: Fetuses were obtained from timed-pregnant guinea pigs at 61 to 69 days' gestation with and without oxytocin-induced preterm labor. The fetuses were placed on continuous positive airwa