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Nanomedicine’s Role in the COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Optimization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that turned into a pandemic and led to seven million deaths around the globe. A herculean effort was made by world scientific community to develop various therapies including vaccines against COVID-19 in record time. Use of nanomedicine was one among the different treatment strategies tried against COVID-19. Nanocarriers were effectively

Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy of Photosynthetic Systems

This chapter starts with a review of the theoretical foundation for understanding two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals in molecular systems. We derive and motivate key properties of 2DES, demonstrating its ability to yield complex information about energy transfer processes and couplings within molecular assemblies, such as photosynthetic antennae. We continue with a discussion e

Revival of recombinant IL-2 therapy–approaches from the past until today

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was one of the first cytokines discovered and its central role in T cell function soon led to the notion that the cytokine could specifically activate immune cells to combat cancer cells. Recombinant human IL-2 (recIL-2) belonged to the first anti-cancer immunotherapeutics that received marketing authorization and while it mediated anti-tumor effects in some cancer entities, t

Programmable High-Dimensional Quantum Circuits in Space and Time

We harness the complex mixing process inside a commercial multi-mode fibre to program high-dimensional linear optical circuits for photonic qudits encoded in transverse space and time-of-arrival, and demonstrate their use for high-dimensional entanglement certification.

Association between exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos at age 5 years and IQ at age 7 years among children from the Odense Child Cohort, a prospective birth cohort study

Background: Over the past decade, the use of organophosphate insecticides including chlorpyrifos has faced increasing restrictions due to health concerns, leading to a rise in use of pyrethroids. Concerns about neurodevelopmental insults following pyrethroids exposure exist, but few studies have examined the long-term effects of childhood exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids on IQ. Objective:

The association between TNF-receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) and mortality as well as kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease

Background: Higher circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) are associated with increased long-term mortality and impaired kidney function. Aim: To study associations between levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 and all-cause mortality as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. Population and methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease (

Leveraging Deep Learning for Approaching Automated Pre-Clinical Rodent Models

We evaluate deep learning architectures for rat pose estimation using a six-camera system, focusing on ResNet and EfficientNet across various depths and augmentation techniques. Among the configurations tested, ResNet 152 with default augmentation provided the best performance when employing a multi-perspective network approach in the controlled experimental setup. It reached a Root Mean Squared E

Subcontractor-driven innovation in construction

In the construction industry, projects are organized with many different subcontractors that carry out the day-to-day undertakings. There is generally a lack of skilled labour in the construction industry that makes construction lack productivity and become a dangerous workplace. Skilled subcontractors are a neglected group of potential innovators in this industry. The main reason why they are ver

Immune Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer - Machine Learning-based Insights from Histology and -Omics

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks the expression of the oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and amplification of HER2. This subtype is the most aggressive subtype and a heterogeneous subgroup of breast cancer, making up around 10-15% of the cases, often affecting younger patients

Pathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with particular focus on vascular endothelium and epithelial injury and their therapeutic potential

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a challenging disease with no drugs available to change the trajectory. It is a condition associated with excessive and highly progressive scarring of the lungs with remodelling and extracellular matrix deposition. It is a highly "destructive" disease of the lungs. The diagnosis of IPF is challenging due to continuous evolution of the disease, which also

A four-stage model of the co-evolution of hominin cooperation and communication

Language is a complex semiotic system based on the context-sensitive use of signs, in contrast to the comparatively rigid systems of signals used by other animals, making it a uniquely human bio-cultural adaptation. But equally unique for human beings are other semiotic systems, and their corresponding sociocultural practices, such as (representational) gesture, the use of pictures and music. Cruc

Focusing on life rather than illness : the lived experience of children with life-threatening and life-limiting conditions—a qualitative study

Background: The perspectives of children with life-threatening or life-limiting (LT/LL) conditions have predominantly been conveyed through their parents rather than heard from the children themselves. Despite an increase in studies focusing on children’s perspectives in pediatric palliative care, this research remains limited, particularly in including children who are unable to express themselve

Ledare nr 2 2024. Olika utgångspunkter för pedagogisk utveckling och fördjupad diskussion kring högre utbildning

"Nu är det höst! Vårterminen avslutades med den nationella högskolepedagogiska konferensen ”NU 2024”, som gick av stapeln vid Umeå universitet. Strax före midsommar samlades drygt 450 konferensdeltagare – lärare, doktorander, studentrepresentanter, akademiska ledare, pedagogiska utvecklare, IKT-pedagoger, bibliotekarier m.fl. – för att diskutera ”Högre utbildning i och för förändring”. Här fanns e

Digital purchasing practices and trust in a turbulent environment

The last years of turbulence on the market caused by the pandemic and geo-political tensions have led to supply disruptions for many companies. The purpose of this study was to investigate how digital purchasing practices and trust are impacted in the supply chain due to increased turbulence in the environment. This was carried out through an interview study with buyers and sellers in supply chainThe last years of turbulence on the market caused by the pandemic and geo-political tensions have led to supply disruptions for many companies. The purpose of this study was to investigate how digital purchasing practices and trust are impacted in the supply chain due to increased turbulence in the environment. This was carried out through an interview study with buyers and sellers in supply chain

Conservation front lines need experienced troops : the role of a scientific trust in a changing world

The active participation of scientific trusts, including CISO (Centro Italiano Studi Ornitologici), in applied conservation actions plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges faced by natural and semi-natural landscapes, which are increasingly impacted by improper land-use and land-cover. This is particularly true for those landscapes where Large Infrastructures and Big Events (LIBEs) are p

Citizen responsive contributions in wildfire crisis Lessons about Shared Responsibility from the 2021 Finsjö fire

In 2021, the village Finsjö in Sweden experienced an abnormally large wildfire. During an intervention lasting for 6 days, Fire and Rescue Services [FRS] received spontaneous help from volunteers, leading to valuable contributions but also questions regarding how to address division of responsibilities. Through qualitative interviews with the FRS, this study explores the interaction between formal

Intermediate scale testing for ORS

In order to design an Oxygen Reduction System (ORS) the most important parameter is the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC). Currently there are a couple of different small scale test methods used to determine the LOC for specific materials. In small scale tests an external heat flux is applied, to account for parameters such as geometry that otherwise cannot be replicated, theoretically arriving

Drawbacks of first-generation biofuels : Challenges and paradigm shifts in technology for second- and third-generation biofuels

In the 20th century, the scientific community recognized global climate change as a preeminent challenge facing our planet. The primary driver of this predicament was identified as the substantial reliance on fossil fuels, constituting approximately 80% of the world's energy consumption. The combustion of these fossil fuels, particularly those rich in carbon, led to the emission of greenhouse gase