The role of T cells in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model for rheumatoid arthritis is not clarified, and different results have been reported concerning the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells. To address this issue, we have investigated B10.Q mice deficient for CD4 or CD8. The mice lacking CD4 were found to be less susceptible to disease, but not completely resistant, whereas the CD8 defici

We incubated 196 large-diameter aspen (Populus tremuloides), birch (Betula papyrifera), and pine (Pinus taeda) logs on the FACE Wood Decomposition Experiment encompassing eight climatically-distinct forest sites in the United States. We sampled dead wood from these large-diameter logs after 2 to 6 y of decomposition and determined wood rot type as a continuous variable using the lignin loss/densit

There seems to be a relentless pressure to move towards more flexible approaches to learning and teaching in higher education, as described by Latchem and Hanna (2002) elsewhere in this issue. To achieve this, academic staff need to have access to professional development opportunities in flexible learning. This case study describes the experience of trying to 'practice what we preach' in terms of

The nonobese diabetic mouse is highly susceptible not only to diabetes but to several autoimmune diseases, and one might suspect that these are controlled by a shared set of genes. However, based on various gene-segregation experiments, it seems that only a few loci are shared and that each disorder is influenced also by a unique set of genes.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be probes of the early Universe, but currently, only 26% of GRBs observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory have known redshifts (z) due to observational limitations. To address this, we estimated the GRB redshift (distance) via a supervised statistical learning model that uses optical afterglow observed by Swift and ground-based telescopes. The inferred redshifts a

Family centers have undergone a strong expansion for families with children in Sweden and represent a large part of the health promotion and prevention work. At the same time, difficulties are described in reaching target groups such as foreign-born parents, parents with a lack of trust in social services, parents with mental illness, or disabilities, and co-parents. The purpose of this study was

The increasing availability of satellite images with seemingly ever increasing spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution is a treasure when searching for information about activity on the surface of the earth. However, the large amount of data is challenging for humans to search through. Anomaly detection in time series of satellite images could potentially help humans to search specific areas fo

Reducing socioeconomic health inequalities is a key goal of most health systems. A challenge in this regard is that healthcare providers may have incentives to avoid or undertreat patients who are relatively costly to treat. Due to the socioeconomic gradient in health, individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) are especially likely to be negatively affected by such attempts. To counter these

Denna uppsats undersöker om och i så fall hur det nya lagförslaget till 49 kap 5§ SFL, som är avsett att stoppa momskaruseller, kommer att påverka näringsidkare gällande avdragsrätten för ingående moms. SEFI-direktivet är ett juridiskt verktyg för att stoppa momskaruseller. Direktivet kriminaliserar att företag lämnar korrekta uppgifter i ett bedrägligt syfte, och kommer snart att implementeras i This essay investigates whether and, if so, how the new law in 49 § 5 SFL, which is intended to stop VAT carousels, will affect traders regarding the right to deduct VAT. The SEFI Directive is a legal tool to stop VAT carousels. The directive criminalizes companies providing correct information for a fraudulent purpose, and will soon be implemented in Sweden. The Swedish bill contains a text stati

Genom en ökad medvetenhet hos konsumenter om deras klimatavtryck har det blivit viktigt för företag att positionera sig som hållbara. I samband med detta har begreppet ”grönmålning” etablerats inom sammanhang som exempelvis vilseledande marknadsföring, där företag försöker framställa sig som miljövänliga utan en vederhäftig grund. För att adressera innebörden av grönmålning och finna ett tillvägagWith consumers becoming more aware of their environmental footprint, it has become important for companies to position themselves as sustainable. In this context, the term "greenwashing" has been established to describe misleading marketing practices where companies try to portray themselves as environmentally friendly without a valid basis. To address the meaning of greenwashing and fin

Psykoterapeutyrket är stimulerande, meningsfullt och spännande men kan även ge psykoterapeuten negativa fysiska och emotionella symtom av utbrändhet och reducerad förmåga att känna empati för sina patienter. Detta kallas compassion fatigue och kan drabba psykoterapeuter som möter patienter med trauman. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken kunskap psykodynamiska psykoterapeuter hade gälThe psychotherapist profession is stimulating, meaningful and exciting, but can also give the psychotherapist negative physical and emotional symptoms of burnout and reduced ability to empathize with their patients. This is called compassion fatigue and can affect psychotherapists who meet patients with trauma. The purpose of this study was to investigate what knowledge psychodynamic psychotherapi

Climate observations show that Serbia has been experiencing an increase in mean temperatures and frequency of heatwaves, in part due to its high population growth and unsustainable urbanisation. The goal of this research was to establish the heatwave level of vulnerability in Belgrade municipalities and determine citizens' adaptive capacities. The MOVE framework was used to determine vulnerabi

The global trend of democracy has shown a marked decline, characterized by the erosion of democratic values and the rise of autocratic tendencies and political populism. Simultaneously, citizen participation in liberal democracies has notably decreased in recent decades. Engagement within participatory budgeting will be analyzed through the lens of sense of place. The research aims to investigate

There is a trend in urban planning to redevelop industrial areas within cities into new modern residential districts. Considering sustainability goals and heritage conservation, many of these areas are often redeveloped through partial material reuse or full adaptive reuse of buildings. The thesis aims to uncover the actors, networks and processes in the redevelopment and planning processes to und

De allmänna va-ledningarna tillhandahålls av landets kommuner, som har ansvaret att förse fastighetsägarna med vatten och avlopp inom verksamhetsområden. Det ingår även ett ansvar att skydda ledningarna och den information som finns tillgänglig. Kommunerna kan välja att organisera arbetet i kommunalägda bolag, bilda kommunalförbund eller driva verksamheten i egen regi. Den som har hand om kommuThe supply of public drinking water and wastewater management in settled areas falls under the responsibility of local municipalities. This responsibility may be further allocated to a municipality owned company or organisation. In the occurrence of public water distribution lines and wastewater pipes crossing private property, the municipality or company must secure their rights to install, maint

Anthropocentrism as an ideology places humanity above nature and has long served as an excuse for its exploitation and destruction. Only by redefining nature and wilderness as intrinsic parts of ourselves and seeing other species as our extended family can we start to develop sustainable relationships with the more-than-human world. During my fieldwork in the intentional community of Auroville, I

The European Commission’s (EC) interpretation of tax rulings misapplying national tax law and favouring certain multinational companies and integrated corporate groups as a selective advantage for State aid purposes poses a challenge to Member States’s fiscal autonomy. This tension between fiscal autonomy and State aid control is at the core of recent jurisprudence analysed by the Court of Justice

Economic research emphasises the role of increasing returns to scale and critical mass in research and technology development. This suggests that countries benefit from specialising in certain technologies and can thereby bundle available resources. Using the example of the Exzellenzstrategie and the Zukunftsstrategie, we argue that German RTI policy lacks strategic prioritisation. The lack of foc