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The oxygen level determines the fermentation pattern in Kluyveromyces lactis

Yeasts belonging to the lineage that underwent whole-genome duplication (WGD) possess a good fermentative potential and can proliferate in the absence of oxygen. In this study, we analyzed the pre-WGD yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and its ability to grow under oxygen-limited conditions. Under these conditions, K. lactis starts to increase the glucose metabolism and accumulates ethanol and glycerol. H

Male Discrimination of Female Mucous Trails Permits Assortative Mating in a Marine Snail Species

Recent research has shown the potential for nonallopatric speciation, but we lack an adequate understanding of the mechanisms of prezygotic barriers and how these evolve in the presence of gene flow. The marine snail Littorina saxatilis has distinct ecotypes in different shore microhabitats. Ecotypes hybridize in contact zones, but gene flow is impeded by assortative mating. Earlier studies have s

Signaling via the Tgf-beta type I receptor Alk5 in heart development

Trophic factors secreted both from the endocardium and epicardium regulate appropriate growth of the myocardium during cardiac development. Epicardially-derived cells play also a key role in development of the coronary vasculature. This process involves transformation of epithelia] (epicardial) cells to mesenchymal cells (EMT). Similarly, a subset of endocardial cells undergoes EMT to form the mes

Identification of the [202]3/2 deformed band in mirror nuclei Mg-25 and Al-25 and implications for unstable nuclei

Fifty years after its prediction, the highest-lying [ 2 0 2] 3) 2 orbit among the six Nilsson single-particle orbits originating from the sd shell in prolately deformed nuclei and the rotational band on this orbit were identified. The band members were observed in Al-25 at excitation energies of 6-7.5MeV in a high-resolution Mg-25(He-3,t) charge-exchange reaction at 0 degrees having a strong selec

Assessment of P2Y(12) inhibition with the point-of-care device VerifyNow P2Y12 in patients treated with prasugrel or clopidogrel coadministered with aspirin

Background Variability in response to thienopyridines has led to the development of point-of-care devices to assess adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. These tests need to be evaluated in comparison to reference measurements of P2Y(12) function during different thienopyridine treatments. Methods After a run-in on 75 mg aspirin, I 10 subjects were randomized to double-blind tr

Histologic and Manometric Studies on the Esophagus Following Endoscopic Sclerotherapy

Objective The aim of this work was to study the histologic and manometric changes in the distal esophagus beyond 2 years following endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) and/or surgical intervention, and to try to understand the etiological factors associated with these changes. Patients and interventions Forty patients, with an average age of 61.5 years, were studied for 2-12 years following sclerotherap

Gaussian Mixture Kalman Predictive Coding of Line Spectral Frequencies

Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based predictive coding of line spectral frequencies (LSFs) has gained wide acceptance. In such coders, each mixture of a GMM can be interpreted as defining a linear predictive transform coder. In this paper, we use Kalman filtering principles to model each of these linear predictive transform coders to present GMM Kalman predictive coding. In particular, we show how s

Accelerated exchange of a buried water molecule in selectively disulfide-reduced bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

Using magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD), we have previously shown that the four internal water molecules in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) exchange with bulk water on time scales between 10(-8) and 10(-4) s at room temperature. Because this exchange is controlled by the protein structure, internal water molecules can be used to probe rare conformational fluctuations. Here, we report

The breast cancer-associated gene Di12 has oncogenic activity

The breast cancer-associated gene Di12 encodes a novel protein, which was found overexpressed in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. In experiments designed to assess the role of the Di12 gene in oncogenesis, the overexpression of 339 N-terminal amino acids of this gene in NIH3T3 cells resulted in cellular transformation and in vivo tumorigenesis. NIH3T3-Di12 tumor cell growth was partly rev

Heme-Scavenging Role of alpha1-Microglobulin in Chronic Ulcers.

Chronic venous ulcers are characterized by chronic inflammation. Heme and iron, originating from blood cell hemolysis as well as extravascular necrosis, have been implicated as important pathogenic factors due to their promotion of oxidative stress. It was recently reported that the plasma and tissue protein alpha1-microglobulin is involved in heme metabolism. The protein binds heme, and a carboxy

Inorganic ligand effects on Pb(II) sorption to goethite (alpha-FeOOH) - II. Sulfate

The effects of sulfate anions on the uptake of Pb(II) onto goethite were investigated at the molecular level using in situ Pb L-III-EXAFS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies. Macroscopic uptake data show that Pb uptake can be enhanced by at least 30% at pH 5 in the presence of 3.16 mM sulfate and that sulfate uptake at pH 7 can be enhanced by more than a factor of 3 in the presence of 1.0 mM Pb. Consisten

Experimentation with usage-based reading

Software inspections are regarded as an important technique to detect faults throughout the software development process. The individual preparation phase of software inspections has enlarged its focus from only comprehension to also include fault searching. Hence, reading techniques to support the reviewers on fault detection are needed. Usage-based reading (UBR) is a reading technique, which foc

The early ontogeny of neuronal nitric oxide synthase systems in the zebrafish.

To examine a putative role for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in early vertebrate development we investigated nNOS mRNA expression and cGMP production during development of the zebrafish Danio rerio. The nNOS mRNA expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery showed a distinct spatio-temporal pattern in developing zebrafish embryo and young larvae. nNOS mRNA expression was fi

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-pretreated barley straw at low enzyme loadings and low yeast concentration

The maximum concentration of water-insoluble solids (WIS) in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is restricted due to inhibition of the enzymes and the yeast, as well as mass transport problems caused by the viscosity of the pretreated material. However, the higher the concentration of WIS during SSF the less energy is needed in the subsequent distillation and evaporation steps. I

E-commerce and the environment: A gateway to the renewal of greening supply chains

Electronic commerce is expected to influence a wide range of supply chain systems and thus lead to unidentified environmental impacts. Current studies discussing the impacts have the problem common in that they arrive either at conflicting or un-generalisable results. This article addresses the issue of methodology and proposes an assessment model for the resolution of this problem. Some important

Immunomodulation with human recombinant autoantigens

The loss of beta cells in type 1 diabetes is the consequence of a T cell-dependent autoimmune attack. Autoantibodies against GAD65 (Mr 65.000 isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase), IA-2 (insulinoma-associated protein IA-2) or insulin, alone or in combination, predict disease. Preclinical studies in spontaneously diabetic rodents suggest that immunomodulation with autoantigens might alter the cou

Hemorrhagic symptoms and bleeding risk in obligatory carriers of type 3 von Willebrand disease: an international, multicenter study

Objectives: We undertook an international, multicenter study to describe the clinical picture and to estimate the bleeding risk in a group of obligatory carriers of type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD). Patients and methods: Obligatory carriers (OC) of type 3 VWD were identified by the presence of offspring with type 3 VWD or by being an offspring of a type 3 patient. Normal controls were age- and