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Nanoparticles in biological fluids almost invariably become coated with proteins that may confer nanomedical and nanotoxicological effects. Understanding these effects requires quantitative measurements using simple systems. Adsorption of HSA to copolymer nanoparticles of varying hydrophobicity and curvature was studied using ITC, yielding stoichiometry, affinity, and enthalpy changes upon binding

Lightweight floors are often troubled by poor impact-sound insulation. In order to develop and explain structures with acceptable insulation, a deterministic prediction model was developed. The paper considers transmission through the system and the response of the model. Excitation (as caused by the ISO-tapping machine) is considered in a separate paper [1]. The system description employs a spati

In lake liming operations in Sweden, acidified lakes are reclaimed by neutralization with calcite powder. The amount added is intended to neutralize the water column as well as to delay the reacidification. The reacidification of limed lakes is dependent on the dilution of the dissolved calcium carbonate with time and, for a limited period of time, the dissolution of calcite from the lake sediment

The microfiltration (MF) fouling behaviour of -lactoglobulin solutions containing various levels of ionic calcium was investigated on a constant-flux, computer-controlled, cross-flow rig using zirconium oxide membranes. Fouling behaviour was highly dependent on both permeate flux and calcium concentration. At 200 l/(m2 h) on a 50 nm membrane the presence of 8.0 mmol/dm3 (8.0 mM) ionic calcium in t

Power consumption in liquid-crystal displays is analyzed by including frequent polarity reversals and duty-cycle control. A multistep voltage profile is proposed to reduce the power consumption of multiplexed and nonmultiplexed displays. The authors have also shown that the reduction in the power consumption can be achieved with a minimal increase in hardware complexity of the drive electronics.

We consider single-molecule fluorescence experiments with data in the form of counts of photons registered over multiple time-intervals. Based on the observation schemes, linking back to works by Dehmelt [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975) 60] and Cook and Kimble [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1023], we propose an analytical approach to the data based on the theory of Markov-modulated Poisson processes (

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors is a main mechanism for contractile activation of the detrusor from both animals and humans. Muscarinic receptors are coupled to G-proteins, but the signal transduction systems may vary. In general, M-1 , M-3 and M-5 receptors are considered to couple preferentially to G(q/11) , activating phosphoinositide hydrolysis, in turn leading to mobilization of intracell

Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for vascular disease and known to cause dysfunction of the endothelium. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Methods: In order to reveal the direct effects of lipid-soluble smoke particles on the endothelium, ring segments isolated from rat mesenteric arteries and human middle cerebral arteries (MCA) obtain