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Winter transportation is equally important as the summer transportation, or even more meaningful for countries, which are affected by the winter conditions. In this perspective, the focus of this paper is in the Baltic Sea, which is a sea, where some of its areas are frozen every year. During winter times, vessels may face heavy ice conditions and extreme weathers when navigating through ice fiel

This essay looks at the concept of The Responsibility to Protect as a principle and examines under what circumstances and by whom the R2P can be transferred into a transnational norm. Focus in this essay lies on the work of three regional organizations; The African Union, The European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, who have embraced the principles of R2P. The essay further exami

By ratifying the ILO Conventions on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining (Nos. 87 and 98) member states undertake the obligation to bring national legislation and practice into full compliance with these international labour instruments. However, the question is whether the countries actually implement their international commitments. This comparative paper studies the e

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka återförsäljares uppsägningsskydd och rätt till ersättning vid avtalets upphörande. För ett företag som önskar etablera sig på en ny marknad gäller det att välja rätt exploateringsmetod. Ett alternativ är då att utse en representant som säljer produkten på den nya marknaden. En lokal representant som känner till marknaden och eventuellt redan har ett etablerat försThe purpose of this essay is to examine the retailer’s dismissal protection and the right to compensation for termination of contract. For a company who wishes to establish themselves in a new market it is important to choose the right development approach. An alternative is then to appoint a representative who sells the product in the new market. A local representative who knows the market and po

The thesis examines the situation of Third Country Nationals who have familial links to a ‘returning’ Community citizen. The thesis analyses Danish Immigration law, Community free movement provisions, and the case law of the Court suggesting that the application of National law is ‘dying’ due to the Court’s interpretation of ‘abuse’ and gradual elimination of the ‘wholly internal situations’. The

Klimatförändringar har amplifierats sedan den industriella revolutionen och modeller pekar på att förändringen kommer forsätta att öka åtminstone till slutet av detta århundrande. Globala temperaturer och nederbörd förväntas öka avsevärt under detta århundrade. Dessa ökningar förväntas bli särskilt markanta i de arktiska områdena. Torvmyrar belägna på höga latituder vid 0ºC isothermen, såsom StorfThe rate of change of our climate has been amplified since the industrial revolution and is expected to change even further by the end of this century. Global temperature and precipitation are expected to increase considerably over the next century. These increases are expected to be magnified in the Arctic regions. In a high latitude peatland like Storflaket, near Abisko (Northern Sweden), at the

Swedish labor law is essentially based on the notion that the social partners will regulate working conditions. In view of this, a special practice on unfairness assessments of collective agreements has emerged. It is felt that collective agreements should be more difficult to amend in Court than other types of agreements. Since 1995 however, Sweden is obliged to apply EU law, and not to take acti

Avskogning är ett globalt problem och har många negativa effekter. Det största hotet mot skogen är dessvärre människan. Trots ökade satsningar på hållbar skogshantering och skogsvård så fortsätter avverkningen av skog i snabb takt världen över, för att ge plats åt andra typer av markanvändning så som jordbruks- och betesmark. Världens population fortsätter att öka och Afrika är den kontinent med sDeforestation is a widespread problem and has many negative impacts. The biggest threat to forest is human activities. Despite increasing efforts regarding forest management and forest conservation, the deforestation continues at a high rate to give space for other land uses such as agriculture and pasture. The world’s population continues to grow and Africa is the continent with fastest growing p

Extreme events are believed to become frequent, intense and long lasting with climate change. An example of such extreme event is the record breaking summer 2003 heat wave. The 2003 heat wave, accompanied by drought conditions, had severe impacts on the European terrestrial ecosystems. In this study we have used an ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS to investigate how the carbon balance of Europe was affec

Chain of Custody on timber refers to the chronological documentation throughout the value chain, from forest to consumer. For a construction company, who engages within Social Responsible Purchasing, it is important to know where purchased material origins from. Timber is especially important in this matter, since the problem with illegal logging is widespread and causes environmental damage, conf

This thesis focuses on the Spelman College incident that took place in Atlanta, Georgia in 2004. The rapper Nelly intended to have a bone marrow drive at the historically black female college, but cancelled it when the students urged him to take part in a forum discussing the misogyny and sexual objectification of black women in the rapper’s music video Tip Drill. The purpose of the study is to m

Att fotograferas av en annan, utan att ha givit sitt samtycke till detta, kan upplevas som mycket kränkande, särskilt om fotograferingen sker i smyg i privata situationer som man inte önskar dela med sig av till utomstående. Idag finns dock ingen direkt kriminalisering av olovlig fotografering i svensk rätt. Till följd av detta finns det därför även få möjligheter att begära kränkningsersättning fTo be photographed by another, without consent, can feel like a very serious violation of one’s personal integrity, especially if the photography is hidden and depicts private situations which one does not wish to share with others. In Swedish law today, there is no general criminalization of non-consensual photography. As a result there are very limited possibilities of receiving non-pecuniary da

There are different rules and laws which companies and industries in a society must follow. Steps to comply with one law or rule may reduce the ability to comply with another. A sector where such a conflict could occur is in aviation, where the reduction of environmental and safety risks may be in conflict with each other. To meet the security requirements of an airport during the winter season wh

Former dictator Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier returned to Haiti 16th of January 2011. Since then several NGO:s and “human right experts” have urged the importance of his prosecution. This essay contains a discussion about Haitian people’s needs, and whether a prosecution of Duvalier is compatible with such needs, or whether it in fact takes focus from them. The situation of the Haitian people is

Theories of Economics of Crime suggest that the unemployment rate should influence the crime rates and especially property crime rates. In this paper I investigate the effect of three different types of unemployment on crime rates (total unemployment (age 16-64), youth unemployment (age 18-24) and long-term unemployment (age 20-64)). Although theory is mostly applicable on property crimes I also i

Which underlying factors to sexual violence in Congo (DRC) dose the UN observe? This essay will present two theories that each try to explain the underlying factors to sexual violence in Congo (DRC). The first theory sees both socially constructed understandings of masculinity that is produced in military institutions and the frustration of over not achieving this masculine ideal, as underlying fa

Title: HealthBook Sub title: Integrated End-User Device for Rural Health Workers in Low Resource Settings Author: Johan Larsson Supervisor: Goirgos Nikoleris, Machine Design Secondary supervisor: Rustam Nabiev, Karolinska University, MTA R&D Examiner: Robert Bjärnemo, Machine Design Introduction: This thesis is part of a project called ICT4MPOWER with the purpose to solve the problem with med

Denna studie syftar till att ge inblick i tre sångpedagogers synsätt, åsikter samt erfarenheter kring ämnet arabisk klassisk sång och dess hantverk. Studien baseras huvudsakligen på intervjuer med sångpedagoger bosatta i Amman (Jordanien) samt observationer av sånglektioner, vilka fungerar som komplement till intervjuerna. Vidare har jag valt att skapa ett gediget bakgrunds- och teorikapitel för aThis study aims to provide insight into three singing teachers’ views, opinions and experiences on the subject of classic Arabic singing and its craftsmanship. The study is based primarily on interviews with voice teachers living in Amman (Jordan), and the observation of singing lessons, which are complementary to the interviews. Moreover, I have chosen to create a solid background and theory chap

Following trade liberalisation and the resulting loss in government revenues from trade tariffs, governments need to find other sources of revenue to compensate for this loss. Many developing countries have set their hopes on value added tax (VAT). This was also the case for Morocco when it introduced VAT in 1986. Over the years it has become evident that the Moroccan VAT is not sufficiently simpl