The aim of the BENCHOP project is to provide the finance community with a common suite of benchmark problems for option pricing. We provide a detailed description of the six benchmark problems together with methods to compute reference solutions. We have implemented seventeen different numerical methods for these problems, and compare their relative performance. All implementations are available o

It has been unclear whether ischemic stroke induces neurogenesis or neuronal DNA rearrangements in the human neocortex. Using immunohistochemistry; transcriptome, genome and ploidy analyses; and determination of nuclear bomb test-derived (14)C concentration in neuronal DNA, we found neither to be the case. A large proportion of cortical neurons displayed DNA fragmentation and DNA repair a short ti

The transmission of infrared (IR) and visible frequencies through modern energy-saving glass, due to etching of bandpass frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), is analysed. Energy-saving glass panels employ a very thin layer of metallic oxide on one side of the ordinary glass. Due to the presence of this layer, IR waves are attenuated whereas visible wavelengths can pass through, providing good see-

A new species, Nipponoparmelia perplicata described from Korea and Russia, is segregated from N. laevior, from which it differs in having shorter and wider lobes that characteristically turn down towards the margins. The pseudocyphellae are inconspicuous, positioned along the lobe margins or on the underside. An improved description of N. pseudolaevior is presented, including new data on isidia wi

Let e⊂R be a finite union of ℓ+1 disjoint closed intervals, and denote by ω j the harmonic measure of the j left-most bands. The frequency module for e is the set of all integral combinations of ω 1,…,ω ℓ . Let {a˜n,b˜n}∞n=−∞ be a point in the isospectral torus for e and p˜n its orthogonal polynomials. Let {an,bn}∞n=1 be a half-line Jacobi matrix with an=a˜n+δan , bn=b˜n+δbn . Suppose ∑n=1∞∣δan∣2+

The team behavior literature is ambiguous about the relations between members’ interpersonal processes—task debate and task conflict—and team performance. From a social influence perspective, we show why members’ interpersonal processes determine team performance over time in small groups. Together, over time, dissenting in-group minorities who share information (via debate) with majorities, who s

Gas-phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein is studied over tungsten and niobium oxide supported on monoclinic zirconia. Supported tungsten oxide is slightly better than supported niobia with initial yields to acrolein around 78% and 75%, respectively, at complete conversion of glycerol. No synergy is observed using mixed structures with W and Nb. The addition of oxygen to the feed has almost no

Protein synthesis has been studied for more than half a century, but the atomic details of this complex system, the ribosome, began to be revealed in 1999 and 2000 through crystallographic structure determinations. As with all biomolecular systems, the advent of atomic structures are milestones in the process of relating function to structure. During these 10 years there has been an avalanche in b

Consumers often have a positive attitude to the option of receiving personalized nutrition advice based upon genetic testing, since the prospect of enhancing or maintaining one’s health can be perceived as empowering. Current direct-to-consumer services over the Internet, however, suffer from a questionable level of truthfulness and consumer protection, in addition to an imbalance between far-reac

Objective: Parental history of diabetes and specific gene variants are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but the extent to which these factors are associated is unknown. Methods: We examined the association between parental history of diabetes and a type 2 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) in two cohort studies from Finland (population-based PPP-Botnia study) and the US (family-based Framingham Of

Background. For breathing adapted radiotherapy, the same motion monitoring system can be used for imaging and triggering of the accelerator. Purpose. To evaluate a new technique for prospective gated computed tomography (CT) and four-dimensional CT (4DCT) using a laser based surface scanning system (Sentinel(™), C-RAD, Uppsala, Sweden). The system was compared to the AZ-733V respiratory gating sys

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA tumour viruses that are present in more than 99% of all cervical cancers. The ability of these viruses to cause disease is partly attributed to the strict coordination of viral gene expression with the differentiation stage of the infected cell. HPV gene expression is regulated temporally at the level of RNA splicing and polyadenylation, and a dysregulat

This Letter presents a search for quantum black-hole production using 20.3 fb(-1) of data collected with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The quantum black holes are assumed to decay into a final state characterized by a lepton (electron or muon) and a jet. In either channel, no event with a lepton-jet invariant mass of 3.5 TeV or more is observed, consistent with

We discuss spectral properties of the selfadjoint operator−d 2 dt 2 +t k+1 k+1 − α 2 in L 2 (R ) for odd integers k. We prove that the minimum over α of the ground state energy of this operator is attained at a unique point which tends to zero ask tends to infinity. We also show that the minimum is nondegenerate. These questions arise naturally in the spectral analysis of Schr ̈odinger operators w

We construct a variational formulation for the problem of interpolating seismic data in the case of missing traces. We assume that we have derivative information available at the traces. The variational problem is essentially the minimization of the integral over the smallest eigenvalue of the structure tensor associated with the interpolated data. This has the physical meaning of penalizing the l

This article reports on an investigation of a comprehensive mathematical model for biomass combustion within the one-dimensional model framework. The model takes into account different thermochemical processes, e.g., moisture evaporation, pyrolysis, heterogeneous char reactions, intra-particle heat and mass transfer, and changes in thermo-physical properties. Different approaches to model the vari

The symbiotic fungus Paxillus involutus serves a critical role in maintaining forest ecosystems, which are carbon sinks of global importance. P. involutus produces involutin and other 2,5-diarylcyclopentenone pigments that presumably assist in the oxidative degradation of lignocellulose via Fenton chemistry. Their precise biosynthetic pathways, however, remain obscure. Using a combination of bioch

Abstract Objectives. The Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) collects data to support the improvement of care for heart disease. Design. SWEDEHEART collects on-line data from consecutive patients treated at any coronary care unit n = (74), followed for secondary prevention, undergoing a

Measurements of the branching ratios of top quark decays into leptons and jets using events with t (t) over bar ( top antitop) pairs are reported. Events were recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The collected data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1). The measured top quark branching ratios agree with the Standar