About half of all cancers have somatic integrations of retrotransposons. Here, to characterize their role in oncogenesis, we analyzed the patterns and mechanisms of somatic retrotransposition in 2,954 cancer genomes from 38 histological cancer subtypes within the framework of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project. We identified 19,166 somatically acquired retrotransposition even

Chromothripsis is a mutational phenomenon characterized by massive, clustered genomic rearrangements that occurs in cancer and other diseases. Recent studies in selected cancer types have suggested that chromothripsis may be more common than initially inferred from low-resolution copy-number data. Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Can

We introduce the notion of a-walk S(n) = a1X1 +… + anXn, based on a sequence of positive numbers a = (a1, a2,…) and a Rademacher sequence X1,X2,…. We study recurrence/ transience (properly defined) of such walks for various sequences of a.

Heterotopic mineralization entails pathological mineral formation inside soft tissues. In human tendons mineralization is often associated with tendinopathies, tendon weakness and pain. In Achilles tendons, mineralization is considered to occur through heterotopic ossification (HO) primarily in response to tendon pathologies. However, refined details regarding HO deposition and microstructure are

Many animals downregulate body temperature to save energy when resting (rest-phase hypothermia). Small birds that winter at high latitudes have comparatively limited capacity for hypothermia and so pay large energy costs for thermoregulation during cold nights. Available evidence suggests this process is fueled by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent mechanisms. Most ATP is produced by oxidative

The accurate estimation of soil carbon (C) pool and fluxes is a prerequisite to better understand the terrestrial C feedback to climate change. However, recent studies showed considerable uncertainties in soil C estimates. To provide a reliable C estimate in the grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), we calibrated key parameters in a process-based ecosystem model (the CENTURY model) throug

This thesis examines the relationship between economic growth and sustainable wellbeing. It evaluates the ability of GDP per capita to capture a how efficiently a country delivers long, happy lives using the limited environmental resources available, as measured by the Happy Planet Index (HPI). The purpose of the study is to see if a measure such as the HPI would be more appropriate than GDP per c

The world economy has become increasingly integrated, which might cause implications for small open economies with a flexible exchange rate to pursue a national monetary policy. This paper examines how this has affected the Swedish Riksbank and its impact on the Swedish economy. The Swedish economy and the Riksbank monetary policy are modeled through an SVAR model using data from 2000-2019 with ex

This special issue examines anti-gender politics in the specific geographical and cultural space of Eastern Europe. It investigates whether the region is just another battlefield for anti-gender politics, or a unique setting for specific developments and strategies, looking at the impact and the legacy of specific historical experiences, sociological and cultural characteristics. The contributions

As the global population continues to grow and the demand for clean drinking water in-creases, the importance of a functioning water distribution network becomes evident. In the design and planning phase of a distribution network, a hydraulic model is a helpful tool for predicting consequences of an action and defining vulnerable parts of a network. This study attempts to set up a reliable and calAs the global population continues to grow and the demand for clean drinking water in-creases, the importance of a functioning water distribution network becomes evident. In the design and planning phase of a distribution network, a hydraulic model is a helpful tool for predicting consequences of an action and defining vulnerable parts of a network. This study attempts to set up a reliable and cal