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This report address fire safety problems specific for shopping centres, large retail stores and malls. It presents a short guide to be used by staff, safetypersonel and object owners with main focus on the operation phase of fire safety design. To identify problems specific for shopping centres student reports containing fire safety evaluation of 14 different Swedish shopping malls conducted betwe
During the last decade the cutting extinguisher has been used as a complement to more traditional fire fighting tools in the Swedish rescue service. In earlier research regarding the cutting extinguisher, the tools ability to penetrate different building materials and the transition of the water jet into a water spray inside the enclosure have been given little attention. This report aims to illus
The aim of this report is to evaluate the safety impact on the public from the construction of a neutron spallation source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden. ESS is to use the highly flammable hydrogen gas for ion source and cooling agent and mercury for neutron production. The report accounts for the major risks the facility will cause and discusses what actions can be taken to reduce the impact these phenom
In order to simplify the consideration of fire fighter safety for contractors, engineers and others when planning buildings, this report has generated criteria that define a reasonable safe environment to fire fighters. If these criteria are to be used on a national basis, a more equal level of safety for the fire fighters will be achieved no matter where a building is erected. In this report diff
An oil spill accident may lead to vast environmental damage and economic losses. In order to minimize the consequences from an oil spill accident, a well shaped response support should be developed. Response support has the ability to reduce stress and therefore make the rescue operation and decontamination operation more efficient. In this report oil spill accidents, organization theories and typ
Experimental fire drills were conducted in Sweden and Australia to investigate if culture has an influence on human behaviour in evacuation scenarios. The studied variables of interest were the participants’ association to the fire alarm, their feelings during the event, premovement time and group behaviour. Seven fire drills were conducted in Sweden and six in Australia during regular tutorials a
At the bakery of Lantmannens Farskbrod in Lund there is a storage for approximately 20 000 plastic bakery trays. The aim of this project is to evaluate how a possible fire in these plastic bakery trays would develop, and from this knowledge suggest measures to improve the fire safety. This has been done through several experimental works, calculations and simulations. In the experimental works, di
In the last years the use of lightweight fire fighting vehicles has become more common in Swedish fire and rescue services. These vehicles need some kind of suitable fire extinguishing system. The purpose of this report is to assist the fire and rescue services with information for the decision about which system to use. Six different systems (CCS Cobra, DSPA, Firexpress, Oertzen, One Seven and a
The purpose of this report is to provide a basis for routines pertaining to the storage and handling of nitrocellulose at Torda Ink AB. Experiments on flashpoints, auto ignition and extinguishing were performed. Current routines and the way nitrocellulose is actually handled has been observed and checked against regulations. Recommendations for new routines has been given based on the findings in
On the night between October 26 and 27 in 2007, a five storey building at Potatisåkern in Malmö, Sweden caught fire, probably due to an incorrectly installed stove near the buildings attic. The scope of the ensuing fire is rare in Sweden, and 122 tennants in 80 apartments lost their homes that night. To handle this fire 26 units from local fire departments were involved. In this report a networkan
In this report statistics concerning the reliability of sprinkler systems from seven countries has been analysed. The objective of this report has been to determine the reliability of sprinkler systems in Sweden and to present suggestions on measures to increase the reliability. The main conclusion that has been drawn is that the reliability of sprinkler systems in Sweden is 92 percent according t
The aim of this report is to illustrate that a well done pre-planning effectively helps fire fighting in nuclear power plants. Experiences from this study of fire in nuclear power plants can be used in forthcoming pre-planning.
This report focuses on CFD-calculations using parallel processors carried out with the software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). From a users point of view the advantages and disadvantages with parallel CFD-calculations were analyzed and evaluated. A simplified me-thod for quantitative evaluation was developed with guidance from ASTM E 1355 whereu-pon relative differences between serial reference sc
Evaluating evacuation experiments is a time consuming work. This report explores the possibilities of an automated time saving procedure with the help of ordinary computer programs and video cameras. Simplifying the procedure means that more types of tests can be made, i.e. walking paths of people turning corners. Trials were performed during two days with fire safety engineering students at the F
The fire department of Great Gothenburg is today in a big need of education and equipment to be prepared for the risks in the area where they are active. With the right attitude among the rescue workers, the right equipment in the rescue units and a well organized command, an effective organisation are created, which is a must when the discharge happens.
A literature study, where factors affecting the ability to perceive an exit sign, was done. The conclusions showed a great need of experiments and the contrast between the sign and surrounding luminance were chosen to be studied in different environments. Five experiment locations with different contrast ratios were used, two in a complex environment and the other three in a less complex environme
The purpose of this report is to investigate the collaboration and the cooperation between the Swedish municipal rescue services, the police and the emergency medical service, with the main focus on the rescue services. The result is based on a survey among the personnel working in three different geographical areas, Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne. Where the result indicates it is needed, re
This report examines the function of the Swedish National Home Guard forces as a support for the civil society in extensive fire-rescuing services. Their function is examined by interviewing personnel from the fire-rescue service and the National Home Guard who took part in the work caused by two large scale accidents. The large scale accidents examined are a forest fire in Bodträskfors (northern
This report is a study on the effects pyrotechnically generated aerosols, PGA, has on electrical components and our health. Experiments were conducted in small and full scale at Lunds tekniska högskola and the Swedish rescue service’s school at Revinge. The experiments were conducted using only one type of PGA with exception for the full scale experiments in wich two types were used. The experimen
Recent events have shown that a fire in a boat storage facility may result in severe damages regarding health, economic values and the environment. The Swedish guidelines in this area are rather old and since the boating industry has evolved in the last decades an overhaul might be needed. This report has especially validated the recommended safety distances between groups of boats. Furthermore th
