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Caspase-1 deficiency reduces eosinophilia and interleukin-33 in an asthma exacerbation model

Rhinovirus infections are common triggers of asthma exacerbations. Viruses can activate the inflammasome, resulting in processing and activation of caspase-1. This recruitment triggers production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which have been implicated in asthma. Elucidating the involvement of the inflammasome and its compartments, such as caspase-1, in asthma exacerbations is warranted. Gene

Allergens produce serine proteases-dependent distinct release of metabolite DAMPs in human bronchial epithelial cells

BACKGROUND: The respiratory epithelium is a major site for disease interaction with inhaled allergens. Additional to IgE-dependent effects, allergens contain proteases that may stimulate human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) through protease-activated receptors, causing the release of mediators important in driving Th2 mediated immune responses.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate if different al

Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Tacrolimus as Second-line Therapy for Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis

Background & Aims Predniso(lo)ne, alone or in combination with azathioprine, is the standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the SOC therapy is poorly tolerated or does not control disease activity in up to 20% of patients. We assessed the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus as second-line therapy for patients with AIH. Methods We performed a r

Contractile Responses in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and few therapeutic treatments have shown beneficial effect clinically. One reason for this could be the lack of risk factors incorporated into the preclinical stroke research. We have previously demonstrated phenotypic receptor changes to be one of the injurious mechanisms occurring after stroke but mostly in healthy rats.

Climate change-induced heat risks for migrant populations working at brick kilns in India : a transdisciplinary approach

During the summer of 2015, India was hit by a scorching heat wave that melted pavements in Delhi and caused thousands of deaths, mainly among the most marginalized populations. One such group facing growing heat risks from both occupational and meteorological causes are migrant brick kiln workers. This study evaluates both current heat risks and the potential future impacts of heat caused by clima

Tools for fairness: Increased structure in the selection process reduces discrimination

Employment discrimination causes problems at the labor market, and is hard to combat. Can increasing the degree of structure when selecting applicants increase fairness? Students were asked to perform a computerized selection task and were either provided with tools for systematizing information about the applicants (structured selection) or no such tools (unstructured selection). We hypothesized

Analysis of Dual-Fuel CNG-Diesel Combustion Modes Towards High Efficiency and Low Emissions at Part Load

Previous research carried out by the authors described the role of dual-fuel combustion efficiency on overall engine efficiency at high diesel substitution ratio. At low loads, high diesel substitution ratios result in excessive total unburned hydrocarbon emissions due to bulk flame quenching, and consequently lower substitution ratios in combination with intake air heating, throttling and increas

Comparison of Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) and Rebreathing Valve Strategies on a Gasoline PPC Engine at Low Load and Idle Operating Conditions

Gasoline partially premixed combustion (PPC) has the potential of high efficiency and simultaneous low soot and NOx emissions. Running the engine in PPC mode with high octane number fuels has the advantage of a longer premix period of fuel and air which reduces soot emissions. The problem is the ignitability at low load and idle operating conditions.In a previous study it was shown that it is possGasoline partially premixed combustion (PPC) has the potential of high efficiency and simultaneous low soot and NOx emissions. Running the engine in PPC mode with high octane number fuels has the advantage of a longer premix period of fuel and air which reduces soot emissions. The problem is the ignitability at low load and idle operating conditions.In a previous study it was shown that it is poss