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DYNAC [1] is a multi-particle beamline simulation code suitable for modelling of the motion of protons, heavy ions, or electrons, moving through linear accelerators and beam transport lines. In this paper, we document extensions written in Python. It will be shown how these Python extensions add a considerable amount of flexibility to DYNAC, while maintaining the calculation speeds available from
Solaris is a third generation light source constructed at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. The machine was designed by the MAX IV Laboratory team. The replica of the 1.5 GeV storage ring with 96 m circumference of a vacuum system was successfully built and now the synchrotron facility is after the 3rd phase of commissioning. Recent installation of the Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA) in t
In order to investigate the possible causes of premature thermal breakdown and performance degradation, several diagnostic techniques have been employed during the vertical tests of the Fine and Large Grain ESS Medium Beta prototypes cavities. The whole equipment, which includes second sound, fast thermometry, photodiode x ray detectors and external NaI scintillator and proportional counter, is he
In this paper we propose to describe the self-force of a particles beam, known as space charge, as a Hamiltonian term dependent on the distribution of the particles' coordinates: Hsc ≡ Hsc(ρ(x, y, z)). This Hamiltonian is then used, together with the kinetic component Hk in a Lie transform to generate a transport map by e-L:Hk+Hsc: where the Lie operator: Hk + Hsc : is defined according to the Dra
The report takes a statistical approach in the study of distribution evolution of the proton beam within the ESS linac and reports a new technique of pinpointing the non-linear space-charge effect of the propagating proton beam. By using the test statistic from the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test the author visualises the change in the normalised distributions by looking at the supremum dist
Thin films of cadmium oxide (CdO) with different thicknesses in the range of 78–250 nm were prepared and deposited on glass substrates by using a spray pyrolysis technique. A microbeam facility (Lund Ion Beam Analysis facility) was used to irradiate the prepared CdO thin films with a 1.5 MeV proton beam for fluence in the range of 2 × 1012–2 × 1014 ions/cm2. The surface morphology of the CdO films
Physical exercise affects hippocampal structure and function, but the underlying neural mechanisms and the effects of exercise intensity remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we undertook a comprehensive, multi-modal 3T and 7T MRI randomized controlled trial (Netherlands Trial Register - NL5847) in which we randomized 52 young, non-athletic volunteers to a 12-week low- or high-intensity exerc
Potable reuse of municipal wastewater is often the lowest-energy option for increasing the availability of fresh water. However, limited data are available on the energy consumption of potable reuse facilities and schemes, and the many variables affecting energy consumption obscure the process of estimating energy requirements. By synthesizing available data and developing a simple model for the e
